Table 2.

Recommendations for insulin injection [35]

Pre-injection	During injection	Post-injection
Convey the benefits of insulin in a positive manner	Do not inject on a tight, blanched, or painful skin fold or bruised or traumatic sites	Release skin fold, if raised, slowly after withdrawing the needle
Selection of appropriate insulin site, device, needle gauge, and length	Allow topical alcohol to evaporate	Follow correct site rotation policy
Use a new needle for each injection	Avoid injecting at hair roots
Use concentrated insulin if the dose requirement is high	Penetrate the skin quickly
Use neutral pH insulin if pain occurs with acidic pH insulin	Do not move the needle immediately after insertion
Insulin should preferably be at room temperature as injection of cold insulin is painful