Table 1.
General characteristics of the participants
| Variable | Nondiabetic group | Prediabetic group | Diabetic group | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 1776 | n = 1007 | n = 361 | ||
| Male sex (%) | 49.1% | 55.3% | 62.6% | < 0.001 |
| Age (years) | 45.9 ± 14.4 | 54.3 ± 14.8 | 60.5 ± 14.0 | < 0.001 |
| GLU (mmol/L) | 5.00 ± 0.41 | 5.80 ± 0.47 | 8.82 ± 2.60 | < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.1 ± 2.9 | 24.6 ± 3.6 | 25.5 ± 3.7 | < 0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 81.6 ± 9.8 | 86.6 ± 10.9 | 89.8 ± 10.2 | < 0.001 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 93.5 ± 10.3 | 96.5 ± 10.4 | 97.2 ± 11.0 | < 0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.79 ± 0.91 | 4.99 ± 0.95 | 5.04 ± 1.07 | < 0.001 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.41 ± 0.38 | 1.30 ± 0.37 | 1.25 ± 0.36 | < 0.001 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 2.53 ± 0.69 | 2.72 ± 0.75 | 2.73 ± 0.82 | < 0.001 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.57 ± 1.15 | 1.76 ± 1.02 | 2.15 ± 1.93 | < 0.001 |
| UA (μmol/L) | 316 ± 88 | 334 ± 83 | 322 ± 82 | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension (%) | 17.5% | 24.5% | 31.3% | < 0.001 |
| Current smoking (%) | 23.3% | 34.4% | 39.9% | < 0.001 |
GLU glucose, BMI body mass index, TC serum total cholesterol, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, TG triglyceride, UA uric acid