Table 2.
Characteristics of takotsubo patients with cardiac arrest
| Patients with CA at initial presentation | Patients with CA during the acute phase | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | N = 84 | N = 19 | P-value |
| Demographics | |||
| Female sex, no./total no. (%) | 71/84 (84.5) | 14/19 (73.7) | 0.26 |
| Age (years) | 61.3 ± 15.3 (N = 84) | 64.9 ± 12.4 (N = 19) | 0.35 |
| Symptoms and triggers, no./total no. (%) | |||
| Chest pain | 19/59 (32.2) | 8/16 (50.0) | 0.19 |
| Dyspnoea | 22/60 (36.7) | 7/14 (50.0) | 0.36 |
| Physical trigger | 52/84 (61.9) | 10/19 (52.6) | 0.46 |
| Emotional trigger | 9/84 (10.7) | 4/19 (21.1) | 0.22 |
| ECG findings | |||
| Sinus rhythm on admission, no./total no. (%) | 56/71 (78.9) | 15/19 (78.9) | 0.99 |
| ST-segment elevation on admission, no./total no. (%) | 24/71 (33.8) | 14/19 (73.7) | 0.003 |
| ST-segment depression on admission, no./total no. (%) | 10/71 (14.1) | 2/19 (10.5) | 0.69 |
| T-wave inversion on admission, no./total no. (%) | 25/71 (35.2) | 7/19 (36.8) | 0.90 |
| Corrected QT on admission (ms) | 478.7 ± 48.3 (N = 63) | 460.6 ± 39.2 (N = 18) | 0.11 |
| Corrected QT at the event (ms) | 478.7 ± 48.3 (N = 63) | 468.6 ± 39.2 (N = 18) | 0.28 |
| Imaging and haemodynamic findings | |||
| Apical type, no./total no. (%) | 67/84 (79.8) | 17/19 (89.5) | 0.32 |
| LVEF (%)a | 33.7 ± 9.7 (N = 78) | 32.8 ± 10.3 (N = 18) | 0.60 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 90.6 ± 22.8 (N = 50) | 94.2 ± 20.2 (N = 11) | 0.49 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 113.3 ± 25.3 (N = 50) | 114.9 ± 24.9 (N = 12) | 0.73 |
| LVEDP (mmHg) | 20.6 ± 8.1 (N = 60) | 25.5 ± 7.2 (N = 8) | 0.15 |
| Neurologic and psychiatric disorders, no./total no. (%) | |||
| Acute neurologic disorders | 11/80 (13.8) | 2/17 (11.8) | 0.83 |
| Past or chronic neurologic disorders | 17/77 (22.1) | 3/17 (17.6) | 0.69 |
| Acute psychiatric disorders | 6/80 (7.5) | 2/17 (11.8) | 0.56 |
| Past or chronic psychiatric disorders | 28/77 (36.4) | 3/17 (17.6) | 0.17 |
| Cardiac biomarkers, median (IQR) | |||
| Troponin admission, factor increase in ULNb | 5.94 (1.97–15.65) N = 64 | 8.20 (3.10–37.07) N = 15 | 0.38 |
| Troponin maximum, factor increase in ULNb | 11.22 (5.03–46.06) N = 68 | 27.90 (9.13–43.23) N = 16 | 0.31 |
| Creatine kinase admission, factor increase in ULN | 0.85 (0.45–1.47) N = 62 | 1.49 (0.82–3.20) N = 14 | 0.06 |
| Creatine kinase maximum, factor increase in ULN | 1.71 (0.70–5.44) N = 66 | 2.09 (0.99–3.26) N = 15 | 0.82 |
| BNP admission, factor increase in ULNc | 3.68 (1.05–5.40) N = 21 | 28.57 (1.71–95.20) N = 8 | 0.11 |
| BNP maximum, factor increase in ULNc | 5.25 (3.07–10.69) N = 29 | 41.11 (10.55–160.51) N = 10 | <0.001 |
| In-hospital complications and management, no./total no. (%) | |||
| Cardiogenic shock | 59/84 (70.2) | 11/19 (57.9) | 0.30 |
| Death | 27/84 (32.1) | 9/19 (47.4) | 0.21 |
| Catecholamine administration | 68/84 (81.0) | 15/19 (78.9) | 0.84 |
| Invasive or non-invasive ventilation | 77/84 (91.7) | 16/19 (84.2) | 0.32 |
a
Left ventricular ejection fraction (%): information from catheterization or echocardiography, if both available: catheterization.
b
Including upper limits of the normal range for Troponin T, high sensitivity Troponin T, and Troponin I.
c
Including upper limits of the normal for brain natriuretic peptide and the N-terminal of prohormone brain natriuretic peptide.
BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; CA, cardiac arrest; ECG, electrocardiogram; IQR, inter-quartile range; LVEDP, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; ULN, upper limit of the normal range.