Table 2.
Blood sex hormones in intervention and control groups (N = 13).
| Blood Sex | Baseline (M ± SD) | 6 months (M ± SD, % changea) | 9 months (M ± SD, % changea) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hormones | DEEM | Control | pb,d | DEEM | Control | pcd | DEEM | Control | pc,d |
| Serum E1, pg/ml | 21.5 ± 6.6 | 40.4 ± 14.2 | .176 | 19.2 ± 1.9 (−10.7%) | 40.7 ± 14.8 (0.7%) | .142 | 18.9 ± 1.6 (−12.1%) | 40.4 ± 24.5 (0.0%) | .043 |
| Serum E2, pg/ml | 6.3 ± 3.3 | 24.2 ± 17.2 | .339 | 12.9 ± 12.8 (104.8%) | 38.7 ± 31.2 (59.9%) | .143 | 3.1 ± 4.7 (−50.8%) | 26.2 ± 51.3(8.2%) | .020 |
| A-dione, ng/ml | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | .751 | 0.79 ± 0.3 (35.5%) | 0.59 ± 0.1 (23.6%) | .657 | 0.4 ± 0.1 (−6.8%) | 0.658 ± 0.1 (0.3%) | .352 |
| DHEA, ng/ml | 2.6 ± 0.4 | 3.5 ± 1.8 | .264 | 3.1 ± 1.3 (20.3%) | 3.11 ± 0.7 (−11.1%) | .456 | 2.2± 0.2 (−14.0%) | 3.0 ± 0.7 (−0.1%) | .517 |
| T, ng/ml | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | .553 | 0.3 ± 0.1 (20.8%) | 0.2 ± 0.1 (0.0%) | .954 | 0.2 ± 0.1 (−1.7%) | 0.2 ± 0.1 (0.3%) | .440 |
| SHBG, nM | 173.1 ± 13.3 | 162.3 ± 9.7 | .864 | 164.4 ± 13.9 (−5.7%) | 174.7 ± 9.9 (0.1%) | .172 | 160.0 ± 10.6 (0.8%) | 136.6 ± 7.2 (−0.2%) | .785 |
Note. M = mean; SD = standard deviation.
A-dione = androstenedione; DHEA = dehydroepiandrosterone; E1 = estrone; E2 = estradiol; SHBG = sex-hormone binding globulin;
T = testosterone.
a
% changes from mean at baseline to each time point (at 6 months and at 9 months).
b
Testing the differences of baseline between DEEM intervention and control groups.
c
Testing the differences of changes in blood sex hormones from baseline to each time point (at 6 months and at 9 months) between DEEM and control groups, controlling for baseline sex hormones.
d
p < 0.05, p-values were determined with rank-transformation using a Kruskal-Wallis test.