Table 5.

Differences in urine sex hormones at each time point between intervention and control groups (N = 13).

Urine Sex	Baseline (M ± SD)			6 months (M ± SD)			9 months (M ± SD)
Hormones	DEEM	Control	pa,c	DEEM	Control	pb,c	DEEM	Control	pb,c
Urine E1, ng/dl	1.1 ± 0.1	2.9 ± 0.2	.062	2.3 ± 0.3	1.3 ± 0.2	.043	1.5 ± 1.1	2.5 ± 2.0	.617
Urine E2, ng/dl	1.6 ± 0.1	1.0 ± 0.8	.061	1.8 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.1	.099	1.6 ± 1.6	1.3 ± 1.6	.317
A-dione, ng/dl	47.1 ± 4.3	62.8 ± 6.0	.465	48.3 ± 4.8	54.1 ± 3.4	.568	65.1 ± 6.0	54.1 ± 3.4	.668
DHEA, ng/dl	323.6 ± 33.7	97.1 ± 3.3	.817	42.4 ± 3.5	60.3 ± 3.2	.174	190.0 ± 2.5	60.3 ± 3.2	.153
T, ng/dl	1.9 ± 0.2	3.5 ± 0.3	.167	2.2 ± 0.2	2.9 ± 0.3	.352	3.0 ± 0.3	2.8 ± 0.2	.886

Note. M = mean; SD = standard deviation.

A-dione = androstenedione; DHEA = dehydroepiandrosterone; E1 = estrone; E2 = estradiol; T = testosterone.

^aTesting the differences of baseline between DEEM intervention and control groups.

^bTesting the differences in urine sex hormones at each time point (6 months and 9 months) between DEEM and control groups, controlling for baseline outcome variables.

^cp < 0.05, p-values were determined with rank-transformation using a Kruskal-Wallis test.