Table 1.

A summary of the research studies conducted on honey and its reported effects on serum and urinary levels of testosterone.

Honey variety (source)	Dose	Duration	Population	Effect on testosterone	Ref.
Honey (India)	2 mL day−1	30 days	Male bonnet monkeys	(±) ST	[78]
Honey (Aboca, Italy)	20 g day−1	21 days	Human males	(±) UT	[79]
Tualang honey (Malaysia)	0.2 g kg−1	2 weeks	Ovariectomized female rats	(+) ST	[80]
Honey (Iran)	1 g kg−1day−1	40 days	Diabetes-induced male rats	(+) ST	[41]
Honey (Iran)	1 g kg−1day−1	40 days	Male rats	(+) ST	[41]
Tualang honey (Malaysia)	20 g (Control: 250 g of Tribulus terrestris)	12 weeks	Oligospermic males	(±) ST	[81]
Honey (Nigeria)	100 mg kg−1 of body weight	35 days	Wistar rats	(±) ST	[40]
Honey (Nigeria) + nicotine	100 mg kg−1 of body weight +1 mg kg−1 body weight	35 days	Wistar rats	(+) ST	[40]
Mad honey (Turkey)	80 mg kg−1	30 days	Male rats	(+) ST	[82]
Persian honey (Iran)	5% of diet	During ischemia +50 days reperfusion	Male rats with ischemia/reperfusion induced testicular injury	(+) ST	[42]
Honey (Nigerian)	10 mL kg −1 day−1	4 weeks	Sucrose-fed male rats	(+) ST	[83]
Persian honey (Iran)	5% of diet	During ischemia +50 days reperfusion	Chemotherapy (Busulfan)-treated male rats	(+) ST	[84]
Persian honey (Iran)	5% of diet	During ischemia +50 days reperfusion	Male rats with ischemia/reperfusion induced testicular injury	(+) ST	[84]
Tualang honey (Malaysia)	1.2 g kg−1 day−1	13 weeks	Adult male rats exposed to cigarette smoke	(+) ST	[56]

(+) Increase; (–) Decrease; (±) No effect; ST: serum testosterone; UT: urinary testosterone.