Table 1.
Characteristics of HCC patients according to post-diagnosis statin use
| Characteristics | Post-diagnosis statin non-user (N=13129) | Post-diagnosis statin user (N=2293) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Mean (SD) | 62.7 (8.3) | 66.9 (8.4) | <0.001 |
| BMI, Mean (SD) | 27.0 (5.4) | 28.8 (5.8) | <0.001 |
| Male, N (%) | 13013 (99.1) | 2280 (99.4) | 0.26 |
| Ethnicity/race | 0.03 | ||
| White | 7691 (58.6) | 1352 (59.0) | |
| Hispanic | 1216 (9.3) | 242 (10.5) | |
| Black | 3203 (24.4) | 545 (23.8) | |
| Other | 276 (2.1) | 54 (2.3) | |
| Missing | 743 (5.6) | 100 (4.4) | |
| Pre-diagnosis statin use | <0.001 | ||
| No | 11891 (90.6) | 857 (37.4) | |
| Yes | 1238 (9.4) | 1436 (62.6) | |
| Alcohol abuse | <0.001 | ||
| No | 7434 (56.6) | 1444 (63.0) | |
| Yes | 5695 (43.4) | 849 (37.0) | |
| Smoking status | <0.001 | ||
| Never | 1351 (10.3) | 322 (14.0) | |
| Ever | 11257 (85.7) | 1965 (85.7) | |
| Missing | 521 (4.0) | 6 (0.3) | |
| NAFLD | <0.001 | ||
| No | 11770 (89.7) | 1983 (86.5) | |
| Yes | 1359 (10.3) | 310 (13.5) | |
| Hepatitis C infection | <0.001 | ||
| No | 4146 (31.6) | 1053 (45.9) | |
| Yes | 8983 (68.4) | 1240 (54.1) | |
| Hepatitis B infection | 0.05 | ||
| No | 11906 (90.7) | 2109 (92.0) | |
| Yes | 1223 (9.3) | 184 (8.0) | |
| Cirrhosis | <0.001 | ||
| No | 6662 (50.7) | 1310 (57.1) | |
| Yes | 6467 (49.3) | 983 (42.9) | |
| Grade | <0.001 | ||
| Grade I-II | 3082 (23.5) | 632 (27.6) | |
| Grade III-IV | 684 (5.2) | 125 (5.4) | |
| Missing | 9363 (71.3) | 1536 (67.0) | |
| TNM Stage | <0.001 | ||
| Stage 1 | 4092 (31.2) | 1059 (46.2) | |
| Stage 2 | 3301 (25.1) | 547 (23.9) | |
| Stage 3 | 2311 (17.6) | 301 (13.1) | |
| Stage 4 | 1486 (11.3) | 101 (4.4) | |
| Missing | 1939 (14.8) | 285 (12.4) | |
| Treatment | <0.001 | ||
| None | 4155 (31.7) | 439 (19.2) | |
| Surgery | 3091 (23.5) | 834 (36.4) | |
| TACE | 2097 (16.0) | 422 (18.4) | |
| Systemic chemotherapy | 596 (4.5) | 42 (1.8) | |
| Other | 3190 (24.3) | 556 (24.2) | |
| MELD score | <0.001 | ||
| <10 | 4164 (31.7) | 936 (40.8) | |
| ≥10 | 4385 (33.4) | 661 (28.8) | |
| Missing | 4580 (34.9) | 696 (30.4) | |
| APRI | <0.001 | ||
| <2 | 4164 (31.7) | 936 (40.8) | |
| ≥2 | 4385 (33.4) | 611 (28.8) | |
| Missing | 4580 (34.9) | 696 (30.4) | |
| Ascites | <0.001 | ||
| No | 9755 (74.3) | 1972 (86.0) | |
| Yes | 3374 (25.7) | 321 (14.0) | |
| Varices | <0.001 | ||
| No | 9911 (75.5) | 1886 (82.2) | |
| Yes | 3218 (24.5) | 407 (17.8) | |
| Encephalopathy | <0.001 | ||
| No | 11303 (86.1) | 2118 (92.4) | |
| Yes | 1826 (13.9) | 175 (7.6) | |
| Deyo comorbidity index | <0.001 | ||
| 0–1 | 5693 (43.4) | 700 (30.5) | |
| 2–3 | 3202 (24.4) | 714 (31.1) | |
| 4–5 | 2518 (19.2) | 483 (21.1) | |
| ≥6 | 1716 (13.1) | 396 (17.3) | |
| ECOG performance status | <0.001 | ||
| 0 | 2255 (17.2) | 514 (22.4) | |
| 1 | 1878 (14.3) | 312 (13.6) | |
| ≥2 | 654 (5.0) | 118 (5.2) | |
| Missing | 8345 (63.6) | 1349 (58.8) |
APRI, AST to Platelet Ratio Index; BMI, body mass index; HCC, Hepatocellular carcinoma; TACE, transarterial chemoembolization; SD, standard deviation. Patients with missing values were excluded from comparisons2