Table 2.
Characteristics of five major trials of intensive vs standard glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes
| Trial | UKPDS 3316 | UKPDS 3417 | ACCORD18 | ADVANCE19 | VADT20 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | 1998 | 1998 | 2008 | 2008 | 2009 |
| No. of participants | 3867 | 753 | 10 251 | 11 140 | 1791 |
| Baseline | |||||
| Age, y | 53 | 53 | 62 | 66 | 60 |
| Men, % | 61 | 46 | 61 | 58 | 3 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28 | 32 | 32 | 28 | 31 |
| Duration of diabetes, y | Newly diagnosed | Newly diagnosed | 10 | 8 | 11.5 |
| HbA1c at baseline, % | 7.1 | 7.2 | 8.3 | 7.5 | 9.4 |
| Treatment protocol | |||||
| Intervention | Sulfonylurea or insulin | Metformin | Not specified | Gliclazide | Not specified |
| Follow‐up, y | 11.1 | 10.7 | 3.5 | 5 | 5.6 |
| HbA1c achieved, %, I vs Ca | 7.0 vs 7.9 | 7.4 vs 8.0 | 6.4 vs 7.5 | 6.5 vs 7.3 | 6.9 vs 8.4 |
| Outcomes | |||||
| Primary outcome | Any diabetes‐related endpoint | Any diabetes‐related endpoint | Combined incidence of major macrovascular events | Combined incidence of major macrovascular or microvascular events | Combined incidence of macrovascular or heart failure events |
| HR or RR for primary outcome (95% CI) | RR, 0.88 (0.79‐0.99) | RR, 0.68 (0.53‐0.87) | HR, 0.9 (0.78‐1.04) | HR, 0.9 (0.82‐0.98) Macrovascular events only: 0.94 (0.84‐1.06) | HR, 0.88 (0.74‐1.05) |
| HR or RR for all‐cause mortality (95% CI) | HR, 0.94 (0.80‐1.10) | RR, 0.64 (0.45‐0.91) | HR, 1.22 (1.01‐1.46) | HR, 0.93 (0.83‐1.06) | HR, 1.07 (0.81‐1.42) |
| HR or RR for microvascular outcome (95% CI) | RR, 0.75 (0.60‐0.93) | RR, 0.71 (0.42‐1.19) | No difference | HR, 0.86 (0.77‐0.97) | No difference |
BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin A1c; HR, hazard ratio; RR, relative risk.
a
I vs C, intensive vs control arm.