. 2019 Jan 7;9:2235042X18820209. doi: 10.1177/2235042X18820209

Table 2.

COPD development in patients with connective tissue diseases.

First author	Publication year	Country	Design	Sample	Main outcomes
Shen et al.⁴²	2014	Taiwan	Retrospective cohort	10,623 patients with SLE	Incidence of COPD in SLE: sex- and age-adjusted HR: 1.92, (95% CI: 1.50–2.44)
Strevens Bolmgren et al.⁴⁵	2016	Sweden	Cross-sectional	51 patients with pSS versus 80 controls	COPD prevalence: 1.4-fold higher in pSS versus controls
Shen et al.⁴⁴	2015	Taiwan	Cohort	3.013 female with pSS versus 12,052 controls	Incidence of COPD in pSS: aHRR of 1.39 (95% CI: 1.10–1.75, p = 0.007)
Nilsson et al.⁴⁷	2015	Sweden	Cross-sectional	51 patients with pSS versus 186 controls	COPD prevalence: 41% of patients with pSS 30% of never-smoking patients with pSS
Mandl et al.⁴⁶	2012	Sweden	Cross-sectional	41 female with pSS	COPD prevalence: 37% of patients with pSS,73% of ever-smoking patients with pSS and 15% in never-smokers
Hemminki et al.²¹	2011	Sweden	Registry-based		Incidence of COPD in SLE (SIR 2.29, 95% CI: 1.57–3.21) Incidence of COPD in SS (SIR 1.89, 95% CI: 1.12–2.99) Incidence of COPD in SSc (3.08, 95% CI: 1.11–6.74)

COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; SSc: systemic sclerosis; pSS: primary Sjogren syndrome disease; SIR: standardized incidence ratio; CI: confidence interval; aHRR; adjusted hazard rate ratio; HR: hazard ratio.