Fig. 4.

General dormancy types of seeds and buds. Green indicates the active embryo or meristem. Red highlights the location of the factor affecting dormancy for each dormancy type. f= ‘function of’. Age and size of seeds and buds can be factors in their endodormancy. Paradormancy can be conferred by mechanical or chemical means. For example, seeds and buds can be restrained by their respective seed coat and leaf sheath or they can be dormant due to hormonal signals involved in the endosperm for seeds or the shoot apical meristem for buds. The environment can impact bud and seed dormancy directly and/or indirectly through affecting paradormancy factors and mechanisms.