Table 3.

Bud production per tiller (ramet) of various dominant perennial grasses

Species	Growth form	Photosynthetic pathway	MAP (mm)	Location	Time of year	Undisturbed buds/tiller	Fire buds/ tiller	Grazing buds/ tiller
Agropyron desertorum	Caespitose	C3	420	Utah, USA	May, June	4.5–5.61,2	–	–
Agropyron spicatum	Caespitose	C3	420	Utah, USA	May, June	6.7–7.01,2	–	–
Andropogon gerardii var. paucipilus	Rhizomatous	C4	437	Nebraska, USA	October	4.5–5.23	–	–
Andropogon gerardii	Rhizomatous	C4	499	South Dakota, USA	Autumn	6.34	–	–
			835	Kansas, USA	September–November	8.25
Aristida diffusa	Caespitose	C4	425	Khama, Botswana	March, May	1.36	–	–
Aristida junciformis	Caespitose	C4	340	Khutse, Botswana	March, May	2.66	–	–
Aristida meridionalis	Caespitose	C4	425	Khama, Botswana	March, May	1.37	–	–
Aristida purpurea	Caespitose	C4	295	Eastern Montana, USA	August, September	11.58	6.5–7.08	–
Aristida stipitata	Caespitose	C4	500	Kumakwane, Botswana	March	2.17	–	–
Bouteloua curtipendula	Rhizomatous	C4	439	Texas, USA	November	3.5–4.39	–	4.2–4.4*9
			835	Kansas, USA	October	3.510	–	–
Bouteloua eriopoda	Stoloniferous	C4	264	Jornada, New Mexico, USA	October	1.0–1.511	–	–
Bouteloua gracilis	Rhizomatous	C4	339	Eastern Montana, USA	March, September, November	3.9–5.212	3.6–8.612	–
Brachiaria nigropedata	Caespitose	C4	425	Khama, Botswana	March, May	2.86	–	–
Calamovilfa longifolia	Rhizomatous	C4	437	Nebraska, USA	October	1.33	–	–
Cymbopogon pospischilii	Caespitose	C4	425	Khama, Botswana	March, May	1.96	–	–
Dichanthelium oligosanthes	Caespitose	C3	835	Kansas, USA	November–December	4.65	–	–
Digitaria californica	Caespitose	C4	394	Arizona, USA	Winter	3.313	–	–
Digitaria eriantha	Caespitose	C4	425	Khama, Botswana	March, May	2.66	–	–
Eragrostis lehmanniana	Caespitose	C4	500	Kumakwane, Botswana	March	2.17	–	–
Hesperostipa comata	Caespitose	C3	339	Eastern Montana, USA	March, September, November	1.4–4.312	1.4–3.912	–
			499	Western South Dakota, USA	Autumn	2.114
Hilaria belangeri	Stoloniferous	C4	439	Texas, USA	November	1.9–2.79	–	1.7–2.3*9
Hyperthelia dissoluta	Caespitose	C4	425	Khama, Botswana	March, May	2.36	–	–
Koeleria pyramidata	Caespitose	C3	835	Kansas, USA	Grow. Seas.	1.715	–	–
Leymus chinensis	Rhizomatous	C3	471	Jilin, China	September	1.5–1.816	–	–
Nassella viridula	Caespitose	C3	499	South Dakota, USA	Autumn	3.514	–	–
Pascopyrum smithii	Rhizomatous	C3	339	Eastern Montana, USA	March, September, November	3.4–3.912	3.2–6.112
			499	Western South Dakota, USA	Autumn	2.617
Pennisetum macrourum	Caespitose	C4	425	Khama, Botswana	March, May	3.36	–	–
Piptochaetium napostaense	Caespitose	C3	344	South-east La Pampa, Argentina	July/growing season	1.6–2.318,19	0.6–1.418	–
			400		August–November	2.520	–	2.0–2.2†20
Poa ligularis	Caespitose	C3	280	AES, Argentina	Growing season	1.2–2.921	–	1.2–2.8†21
			400	La Pampa, Argentina	August–November	2.020	–	1.2–1.3†20
Schizachyrium scoparium	Caespitose	C4	835	Kansas, USA	October	5.322	–	–
Sorghastrum nutans	Rhizomatous	C4	629	Nebraska, USA	November	6.023	–	–
			835	Kansas, USA	November	7.023‡
			1041‡	Oklahoma, USA	November	3.523
Sporobolus heterolepis	Caespitose	C4	835	Kansas, USA	Growing season	3.415	–	–
Stipa gynerioides	Caespitose	C3	344	South-east La Pampa, Argentina	July	2.2–2.318	0.7–2.118	–
Stipa tenuis	Caespitose	C3	344	La Pampa, Argentina	June, July/growing season	1.7–2.618,19,24	0.7–1.618,24	–
Stipagrostis uniplumis	Caespitose	C4	320	Kang, Botswana	March	1.820	–	–

¹ Busso et al., 1989; ²Mueller and Richards, 1986; ³Mullahey et al., 1991; ⁴Ott and Hartnett, 2015c; ⁵Ott and Hartnett, 2012a; ⁶Dalgleish et al., 2012; ⁷Hartnett et al., 2006; 8Russell and Vermeire, 2015; ⁹Hendrickson and Briske, 1997; ¹⁰N’Guessan, 2007; ¹¹Reichmann and Sala, 2014; ¹²Russell et al., 2015; ¹³Cable, 1971; ¹⁴Ott and Hartnett, 2015b; ¹⁵Dalgleish et al., 2008; ¹⁶Li and Yang, 2011; ¹⁷Ott and Hartnett, 2015a; ¹⁸Pelaez et al., 1997; ¹⁹Becker et al., 1997; ²⁰Pelaez et al., 2009; ²¹Busso et al., 2011; ²²N’Guessan and Hartnett, 2011; ²³Carter et al., 2014; ²⁴Busso et al., 1993.

*In a grazed pasture; ^†directly grazed or clipped; ^‡sampled in a drought year well below MAP; note that rhizomatous grasses may have buds that were uncounted on their rhizomes.

AES, Agropecuarian Experimental Station near San Carlos de Bariloche; MAP, mean annual precipitation.