Table 2.
Components and their concentrations and volumes used to produce the structures illustrated in Figs 1A′–C′
| Mixture | Components | DBF | Figures |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Callose 3 % (aqueous colloidal solution, 2 mL) + hypromellose 3 % (aqueous solution, 2 mL) + mucin 3 % (aqueous solution, 1 mL) + saponin 3 % (aqueous solution, 1 mL) + p-coumaric acid 5 % (ethanol solution, 0.5 mL) + lecithin (0.5 mL) + oleic acid (pure, 10 drops*) + vanillic acid (1 % ethanol solution, 10 drops) + stearic acid (1 % ethanol solution, 10 drops) | 10T** | 1A′–E′, 2A′–E′ |
| 2 | Chondroitin (1 mL) + hypromellose 3 % (aqueous solution, 2 mL) + mucin 3 % (aqueous solution, 2 mL) + saponin 3 % (aqueous solution, 1 mL) + p-coumaric acid 5 % (ethanol solution, 1 mL) + lecithin (0.5 mL) + oleic acid (pure, 3 drops) + vanillic acid (1 % ethanol solution, 8 drops) | 4T | 3A′, 5B′ |
| 3 | Chondroitin (1 mL) + hypromellose 3 % (aqueous solution, 1 mL) + mucin 3 % (aqueous solution, 1 mL) + saponin 3 % (aqueous solution, 1 mL) + p-coumaric acid 5 % (ethanol solution, 1 mL) + oleic acid (pure, 6 drops) + vanillic acid (1 % ethanol solution, 6 drops) + stearic acid (1 % ethanol solution, 6 drops) | 4T | 3B′, D′, 5F′, 6A′–E′ |
| 4 | Hypromellose 3 % (aqueous solution, 2 mL) + mucin 3 % (aqueous solution, 2 mL) + saponin 3 % (aqueous solution, 2 mL) + p-coumaric acid 5 % (ethanol solution, 1 mL) + stearic acid (1 % ethanol solution, 1 mL) | 4T | 3C′, E′ |
| 5 | Chondroitin (2 mL) + hypromellose 5 % (aqueous solution, 2 mL) + mucin 3 % (aqueous solution, 2 mL) + p-coumaric acid 5 % (ethanol solution, 2 mL) + oleic acid (pure, 6 drops) + vanillic acid (1 % ethanol solution, 6 drops) | 7 | 3D″, F′, 4A′ |
| 6 | Agar 3 % (1 mL, warm solution) + mucin 3 % (aqueous solution, 1 mL) + p-coumaric acid (5 % ethanol solution, 1 mL) + saponin 3 % (aqueous solution, 1 mL) + stearic acid (1 % ethanol solution, 1 mL) | 4T | 4B′–D′ |
| 7 | Hypromellose 3 % (aqueous solution, 1 mL) + mucin 3 % (aqueous solution, 1 mL) + saponin 3 % (aqueous solution, 1 mL) + p-coumaric acid 5 % (ethanol solution, 1 mL) + stearic acid (1 % ethanol solution, 6 drops) + oleic acid (pure, 6 drops) + vanillic acid (1 % ethanol solution, 6 drops) | 4 | 5A′, C′, E′ |
| 8 | Agar 3 % (2 mL, warm solution) + lipopolysaccharide 2,5 % (2 mL) + p-coumaric acid 5 % (ethanol solution, 3 drops) + oleic acid (pure, 3 drops) + vanillic acid (1 % ethanol solution, 3 drops) | 2 | 5D′ |
*1 drop = 0.04 mL.
**All mixtures marked ‘T’ were in a thin layer (0.4 mm); others were in layers 2–3 mm thick.
DBF, number of days of self-assembly process before fixation.