Table 2.

Pooled and subgroup analyses of data synthesis of overall survival for this meta-analysis

Categories	Study (case)	Model	HR (95% CI)	Z	PZ	Heterogeneity		Pm
I2	Ph
Overall survival (OS)	16 (8853)	Random	1.70 (1.37–2.09)	4.96	<0.001	85.4%	<0.001
Study population								0.105
Asian	13 (7708)	Random	1.73 (1.35–2.22)	4.32	<0.001	87.1%	<0.001
Caucasian	3 (1145)	Random	1.59 (1.05–2.42)	2.17	0.030	79.4%	0.008
Cancer type								0.090
RCC	6 (4624)	Random	1.64 (1.30–2.05)	4.26	<0.001	55.6%	0.046
Liver cancer	4 (1900)	Random	1.16 (1.04–1.29)	2.75	0.006	95.1%	<0.001
UTUC	2 (1632)	Fixed	1.96 (1.53–2.51)	5.31	<0.001	0.0%	0.538
Bladder cancer	2 (267)	Fixed	2.66 (1.69–4.20)	4.21	<0.001	0.0%	0.910
Others	2 (430)	Fixed	1.44 (1.18–1.76)	3.62	<0.001	26.8%	0.242
Primary treatment								0.783
Surgery	13 (8063)	Random	1.74 (1.34–2.25)	4.21	<0.001	88.0%	<0.001
None surgery	3 (790)	Fixed	1.50 (1.26–1.78)	4.61	<0.001	0.0%	0.374
Clinical stage								0.111
I-IV	4 (1758)	Random	1.65 (1.15–2.35)	2.74	0.006	70.5%	0.017
T1-T4	5 (4513)	Fixed	1.89 (1.59–2.25)	7.26	<0.001	0.0%	0.450
IV	3 (552)	Fixed	1.83 (1.43–2.34)	4.79	<0.001	0.0%	0.695
Others	4 (2030)	Random	1.17 (1.06–1.29)	3.11	0.003	94.9%	<0.001
Cutoff value								0.114
>1.3	8 (6275)	Random	1.48 (1.08–2.02)	2.44	0.015	89.4%	<0.001
≤1.3	8 (2578)	Fixed	1.78 (1.59–2.00)	9.79	<0.001	0.0%	0.550
Analysis method								0.890
Univariate	4 (1322)	Random	1.56 (1.20–2.04)	3.32	0.001	68.8%	0.022
Multivariate	12 (7531)	Random	1.76 (1.33–2.33)	3.95	<0.001	87.6%	<0.001
Sample size								0.586
≥200	10 (8019)	Random	1.50 (1.17–1.92)	3.20	0.001	89.1%	<0.001
<200	6 (834)	Fixed	2.18 (1.75–2.72)	6.96	<0.001	0.0%	0.899

Notes: P_Z denotes P-value for statistical significance based on Z test; P_h denotes P-value for heterogeneity based on Q test; P_m denotes P-value for statistical outcome based on multivariate meta-regression analysis.

Abbreviations: RCC, renal cell carcinoma; UTUC, urinary tract urothelial carcinoma.