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. 2019 Jul 1;15:1723–1736. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S195505

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© 2019 Wang et al.

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Temporal interdependencies among patient-reported measures of cognitive symptoms, patient-reported depressive symptoms, and functional impairment. Standardized regression coefficients based on the structural equation models (SEM) with p-values <0.05 (n=451). The thickness of arrows is proportional to the strength of association. A solid arrow indicates p-value <0.001; a dot-dashed arrow indicates p-value <0.05.

Abbreviations: PDQ-D, Perceived Deficits Questionnaire – Depression; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9; SDS, Sheehan Disability Scale.