Table 3.
Univariable and multivariable predictors of the composite outcome of hospitalization for HF and all-cause mortality.
| Univariable |
Multivariable |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) | p value | Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) | p value | |
| Age | 1.347 (1.052–1.725) | 0.016 | 1.039 (1.005–1.075) | 0.025 |
| Gender | 0.696 (0.427–1.136) | 0.147 | ||
| Prior hospitalization for heart failure | 3.117 (1.629–5.965) | 0.001 | 2.505 (1.274–4.928) | 0.008 |
| Body mass index | 0.896 (0.701–1.145) | 0.38 | ||
| Heart rate | 0.918 (0.714–1.181) | 0.506 | ||
| Systolic BP | 0.910 (0.704–1.175) | 0.469 | ||
| Diastolic BP | 0.716 (0.551–0.930) | 0.012 | ||
| Type 2 diabetes | 1.210 (0.739–1.983) | 0.449 | ||
| Hypertension | 2.480 (0.778–7.907) | 0.125 | ||
| History of smoking | 1.510 (0.916–2.490) | 0.106 | ||
| Angina | 0.766 (0.379–1.550) | 0.459 | ||
| History of lung disease | 1.945 (1.105–3.425) | 0.021 | 2.492 (1.216–5.107) | 0.013 |
| NYHA class III/IV | 1.678 (1.020–2.762) | 0.042 | ||
| Sodium | 0.945 (0.739–1.209) | 0.654 | ||
| Urea | 1.228 (0.996–1.514) | 0.054 | ||
| Creatinine | 1.339 (1.067–1.680) | 0.012 | ||
| BNP | 1.486 (1.086–2.034) | 0.013 | 1.001 (0.999–1.003) | 0.294 |
| Haemoglobin | 0.771 (0.604–0.984) | 0.013 | ||
| HbA1c | 1.145 (0.920–1.426) | 0.224 | ||
| LGE present | 1.028 (0.627–1.687) | 0.912 | ||
| LGE infarct pattern | 1.728 (0.956–3.124) | 0.07 | ||
| LGE noninfarct fibrosis | 0.745 (0.438–1.266) | 0.276 | ||
| ECV | 1.519 (1.076–2.145) | 0.018 | ||
| Indexed ECV | 1.516 (1.105–2.079) | 0.01 | ||
| LV EDVi | 0.991 (0.773–1.270) | 0.943 | ||
| LV ESVi | 0.934 (0.726–1.201) | 0.594 | ||
| LV EF | 1.144 (0.898–1.457) | 0.275 | ||
| LV MI | 1.294 (0.999–1.676) | 0.051 | ||
| LV mass:volume | 1.309 (1.040–1.647) | 0.022 | 7.070 (1.306–38.276) | 0.023 |
| RV EDVi | 1.177 (0.912–1.518) | 0.211 | ||
| RV ESVi | 1.214 (0.955–1.544) | 0.113 | ||
| RV EF | 0.907 (0.722–1.139) | 0.401 | ||
| Maximum indexed LA volume | 1.240 (0.991–1.550) | 0.059 | ||
| Minimum indexed LA volume | 1.302 (1.039–1.629) | 0.022 | ||
| LA EF | 0.691 (0.538–0.888) | 0.004 | ||
| Average E/e′ | 1.481 (1.153–1.903) | 0.002 | 1.052 (0.996–1.110) | 0.068 |
Bold numerals indicate statistical significance.
BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; BP, blood pressure; E, early diastolic transmitral flow velocities; e′, early diastolic mitral annular velocities; ECV, extracellular-volume fraction; EDVi, indexed end-diastolic volume; EF, ejection fraction; ESVi, indexed end-systolic volume; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; HF, heart failure; LA, left atrium; LGE, late gadolinium enhanced; LV, left ventricle; MI, mass index; NYHA, New York Heart Association; BP, blood pressure; RV, right ventricle.