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Rate of change of fluorescence temperature induced by 9.2 keV X-rays in a 40 µm ruby crystal. Data were collected with a 5, 10 and 20 ms accumulation time: the 5 ms data points exhibit more noise but greater temporal resolution. The initial rate of change of temperature (over the first 10 ms) is >6000 K s−1, with a steady-state temperature being reached after ∼40 ms. Data were collected at an incident dose rate of 5.1 MGy s−1.
