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. 2019 Jun 17;116(27):13641–13650. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1904249116

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Fig. 2. — Pattern of dopamine signaling on failed trials is related to subsequent active avoidance learning. (A) Trial structure for the active avoidance task. (B) Escaped/Avoided trials across training sessions. (C) Latency to respond. (D) Cue-elicited freezing as a function of task performance. (E) Average dopamine traces on failed trials without a lever press. (F–H) Timecourse of the dopamine response during the cue (F), the footshock bout (G), and the safety period (H), ***P < 0.001 main effect of performance. (I) Dopamine response profile exclusive for High Pressing rats (blue shading) and Low Pressing rats (red shading). (J) Overlay of the dopamine response profiles for High and Low Pressing rats onto the dopamine response profile for Learner and Non-Learner rats.