Table 1.
Basic characteristics of the study population by number of phenotypic features comprising the Rotterdam criteria for PCOS
| Total (N = 321) | Number of PCOS features | P‐trend | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 out 3 (N = 122) | 1 out of 3 (N = 90) | 2 out of 3 (N = 68) | 3 out of 3 (N = 41) | |||
| Basic characteristics | ||||||
| Age | 31.6 ± 5.0 | 33.8 ± 5.1 | 31.3 ± 4.7 | 30.0 ± 4.0 | 28.2 ± 3.8 | <0.001 |
| Race | ||||||
| Chinese | 228 (71) | 91 (75) | 65 (72) | 48 (71) | 24 (59) | 0.104 |
| Non‐Chinese | 93 (29) | 31 (25) | 25 (28) | 20 (29) | 17 (42) | |
| Education | ||||||
| Below university | 180 (56) | 60 (49) | 38 (42) | 23 (34) | 20 (49) | 0.354 |
| University | 141 (44) | 62 (51) | 52 (58) | 45 (66) | 21 (51) | |
| Occupation | ||||||
| Unemployed | 26 (8) | 9 (8) | 9 (10) | 2 (3) | 6 (15) | 0.999a |
| Exec/Professional | 176 (55) | 67 (55) | 49 (54) | 39 (57) | 21 (51) | |
| Non‐Exec/Professional | 119 (37) | 46 (38) | 32 (36) | 27 (40) | 14 (34) | |
| Shift work | ||||||
| No | 260 (81) | 102 (84) | 68 (76) | 57 (84) | 33 (81) | 0.832 |
| Yes | 61 (19) | 20 (16) | 22 (24) | 11 (16) | 8 (19) | |
| Sleep length | ||||||
| ≥ 6 h | 253 (79) | 93 (76) | 78 (87) | 53 (78) | 29 (71) | 0.621 |
| <6 h | 68 (21) | 29 (24) | 12 (13) | 15 (22) | 12 (29) | |
| Exercise frequency | ||||||
| Regular | 69 (21) | 22 (18) | 26 (29) | 12 (18) | 9 (22) | 0.811 |
| Non‐regular | 252 (79) | 100 (82) | 64 (71) | 56 (82) | 32 (78) | |
| Smoker | ||||||
| No | 297 (92) | 114 (93) | 84 (93) | 62 (91) | 37 (90) | 0.461 |
| Yes | 24 (8) | 8 (7) | 6 (7) | 6 (9) | 4 (10) | |
| Alcohol frequency | ||||||
| Never/occasionally | 313 (98) | 119 (98) | 88 (98) | 65 (96) | 40 (98) | 0.715 |
| Once a week or more | 9 (3) | 3 (3) | 2 (2) | 3 (4) | 1 (2) | |
| Coffee frequency | ||||||
| <1 cup per day | 228 (71) | 87 (71) | 63 (70) | 51 (75) | 27 (66) | 0.836 |
| ≥ 1 cup per day | 93 (29) | 35 (28) | 27 (30) | 17 (25) | 14 (34) | |
| Self‐perceived stress levels | 5.3 ± 1.9 | 5.2 ± 1.8 | 5.2 ± 1.8 | 5.5 ± 1.9 | 5.2 ± 2.0 | 0.624 |
| Medical history | ||||||
| Depression | ||||||
| No | 313 (98) | 120 (98) | 88 (98) | 65 (96) | 40 (98) | 0.464 |
| Yes | 8 (3) | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 3 (4) | 1 (2) | |
| Anxiety | ||||||
| No | 312 (98) | 120 (98) | 88 (98) | 66 (97) | 38 (93) | 0.448 |
| Yes | 9 (3) | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 2 (3) | 3 (7) | |
| Stress | ||||||
| No | 295 (92) | 113 (93) | 82 (91) | 62 (91) | 38 (93) | 0.938 |
| Yes | 26 (8) | 9 (7) | 8 (9) | 6 (9) | 3 (7) | |
| Sleep disorders | ||||||
| No | 308 (96) | 116 (95) | 88 (98) | 66 (97) | 38 (93) | 0.827 |
| Yes | 13 (4) | 6 (5) | 2 (2) | 2 (3) | 3 (7) | |
Data are presented as n (%) or mean ± SD.
Frequencies may not add up due to rounding off.
Average of left and right ovaries.
a
For analysis of trend occupation is dichotomized to Executive/Professional and Unemployed/Non‐executive/Professional.