Table 2.
Clinical and biochemical manifestations of PCOS by number of phenotypic features comprising the Rotterdam criteria
| Total (N = 321) | Number of PCOS features | P‐trend | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 out 3 (N = 122) | 1 out of 3 (N = 90) | 2 out of 3 (N = 68) | 3 out of 3 (N = 41) | |||
| Androgenic characteristics | ||||||
| Acne score | 1.8 ± 3.7 | 1.5 ± 3.1 | 2.2 ± 5.1 | 1.8 ± 2.6 | 2.0 ± 3.0 | 0.626 |
| mFG score | 1.6 ± 2.4 | 1.0 ± 1.2 | 1.4 ± 2.2 | 2.3 ± 2.8 | 2.7 ± 3.6 | <0.001 |
| Testosterone (nmol/L) | 1.37 ± 0.72 | 1.02 ± 0.38 | 1.19 ± 1.65 | 1.65 ± 0.81 | 2.36 ± 0.57 | <0.001 |
| Androstenedione (nmol/L) | 8.29 ± 6.36 | 6.72 ± 3.04 | 7.50 ± 3.94 | 8.80 ± 3.88 | 13.96 ± 2.18 | <0.001 |
| DHEAS (µmol/L) | 5.42 ± 2.17 | 4.70 ± 1.52 | 5.35 ± 2.18 | 6.07 ± 2.46 | 6.63 ± 2.51 | <0.001 |
| SHBG (nmol/L) | 55.6 ± 31.1 | 62.4 ± 31.9 | 54.7 ± 26.2 | 53.5 ± 35.9 | 40.6 ± 24.5 | <0.001 |
| Free Androgen Index | 3.67 ± 3.88 | 2.20 ± 1.96 | 2.76 ± 2.38 | 2.88 ± 4.67 | 8.45 ± 5.32 | <0.001 |
| Ovarian characteristics | ||||||
| Antral follicle counta | 18.5 ± 12.2 | 10.2 ± 4.9 | 17.6 ± 8.2 | 25.3 ± 10.3 | 34.0 ± 16.0 | <0.001 |
| Ovarian volume (mL)a | 5.76 ± 2.79 | 4.02 ± 1.18 | 5.54 ± 1.84 | 7.14 ± 2.77 | 9.12 ± 3.66 | <0.001 |
| Anti‐Müllerian hormone (pmol/L) | 48.0 ± 36.5 | 22.4 ± 15.6 | 43.4 ± 26.6 | 71.4 ± 33.0 | 94.9 ± 35.6 | <0.001 |
| Menstrual cycle length | ||||||
| <25 days | 15 (5) | 8 (7) | 4 (4) | 3 (4) | 0 (0) | <0.001b |
| 25 to 34 days | 212 (66) | 114 (93) | 65 (72) | 33 (49) | 0 (0) | |
| ≥ 35 days | 94 (29) | 0 (0) | 21 (23) | 32 (47) | 41 (100) | |
| Metabolic characteristics | ||||||
| BMI | 23.4 ± 5.0 | 22.8 ± 3.7 | 23.2 ± 4.5 | 23.3 ± 5.1 | 25.7 ± 7.7 | 0.001 |
| WHR | 0.79 ± 0.06 | 0.79 ± 0.06 | 0.78 ± 0.06 | 0.79 ± 0.07 | 0.79 ± 0.07 | 0.750 |
| Insulin (mu/L) | 8.33 ± 7.93 | 7.62 ± 5.60 | 6.46 ± 3.70 | 8.79 ± 6.75 | 13.9 ± 16.3 | <0.001 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 4.77 ± 0.63 | 4.74 ± 0.45 | 4.66 ± 0.43 | 4.92 ± 1.03 | 4.81 ± 0.54 | 0.199 |
| HOMA‐IR | 1.82 ± 1.96 | 1.63 ± 1.34 | 1.36 ± 0.84 | 1.97 ± 1.63 | 3.15 ± 4.15 | <0.001 |
| Systolic BP (mm/Hg) | 100 ± 25 | 101 ± 24 | 102 ± 24 | 94 ± 27 | 101 ± 25 | 0.422 |
| Diastolic BP (mm/Hg) | 60 ± 16 | 61 ± 16 | 62 ± 15 | 58 ± 17 | 59 ± 16 | 0.331 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.00 ± 0.73 | 0.93 ± 0.46 | 1.03 ± 1.09 | 1.02 ± 0.50 | 1.10 ± 0.68 | 0.235 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.83 ± 0.81 | 4.77 ± 0.80 | 4.86 ± 0.84 | 4.82 ± 0.78 | 4.99 ± 0.87 | 0.168 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.48 ± 0.36 | 1.48 ± 0.36 | 1.51 ± 0.37 | 1.45 ± 0.33 | 1.47 ± 0.39 | 0.695 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 2.91 ± 0.76 | 2.85 ± 0.73 | 2.94 ± 0.85 | 2.91 ± 0.72 | 3.02 ± 0.65 | 0.261 |
| Metabolic syndrome | ||||||
| No | 281 (90) | 112 (92) | 82 (93) | 58 (89) | 29 (76) | 0.198 |
| Yes | 32 (10) | 10 (8) | 6 (7) | 7 (11) | 9 (24) | |
| Pituitary characteristics | ||||||
| LH (IU/L) | 5.75 ± 4.25 | 4.29 ± 2.00 | 4.42 ± 2.33 | 6.27 ± 3.96 | 11.9 ± 6.50 | <0.001 |
| FSH (IU/L) | 7.49 ± 2.34 | 8.21 ± 2.46 | 7.48 ± 2.59 | 6.70 ± 1.62 | 6.69 ± 1.67 | <0.001 |
| Prolactin (mIU/L) | 269 ± 137 | 262 ± 123 | 276 ± 14.7 | 282 ± 151 | 269 ± 137 | 0.487 |
Data are presented as n (%) or mean ±SD.
Frequencies may not add up due to rounding off.
BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; DHEAS, dehydroepiandrosterone‐sulphate; FSH, follicle‐stimulating hormone; mFG, modified Ferriman‐Gallwey; LH, luteinizing hormone; SHBG, sex hormone‐binding globulin; WHR, waist‐hip ratio
a
Average of left and right ovaries.
b
For analysis of trend menstrual cycle length dichotomized to <35 days and ≥35 days.