Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of Study Population.
| Characteristic | No. (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (N = 39) | Endurance (n = 14) | Resistance (n = 13) | Control (n = 12) | |
| Male | 10 (26) | 3 (21) | 5 (38) | 2 (17) |
| Age, y | 41 (14) | 39 (14) | 38 (14) | 47 (12) |
| Current and previous smokers | 16 (41) | 6 (43) | 6 (46) | 4 (33) |
| Fitness | ||||
| Vo2 max, mL/min | 2655 (641) | 2550 (566) | 2871 (791) | 2543 (524) |
| 1-RM chest press, kg | 38 (15) | 38 (15) | 40 (20) | 35 (10) |
| 1-RM knee extension right, kg | 32 (11) | 31 (10) | 33 (13) | 31 (10) |
| Body composition | ||||
| Waist circumference, cm | 104 (12) | 104 (14) | 102 (9) | 108 (12) |
| Hip circumference, cm | 116 (11) | 115 (11) | 114 (8) | 119 (13) |
| Waist:height ratio | 0.6 (0.07) | 0.6 (0.08) | 0.6 (0.04) | 0.6 (0.08) |
| Body weight, kg | 95 (16) | 92 (14) | 94 (17) | 97 (18) |
| BMI | 32 (5) | 33 (5) | 30 (4) | 34 (6) |
| Whole body fat, % | 45.8 (7.4) | 48.0 (6.6) | 42.6 (6.7) | 46.6 (8.2) |
| Android, kg | 4.2 (1.3) | 4.2 (1.3) | 3.8 (1.0) | 4.6 (1.5) |
| Gynoid, kg | 7.3 (1.9) | 7.5 (1.7) | 6.8 (1.7) | 7.4 (2.4) |
| Whole body lean mass, kg | 48.7 (9.8) | 45.4 (7.4) | 51.8 (12.4) | 49.0 (8.6) |
| Cardiac adipose tissue, median (IQR), g | 166 (125-228) | 153 (137-174) | 164 (125-228) | 193 (122-253) |
| Epicardial adipose tissue, median (IQR), g | 23 (13-29) | 23 (13-26) | 22 (15-29) | 26 (16-34) |
| Pericardial adipose tissue, median (IQR), g | 148 (101-184) | 140 (113-160) | 154 (101-195) | 167 (91-227) |
| Blood pressure | ||||
| Systolic, mm Hg | 124 (26) | 128 (21) | 127 (16) | 124 (20) |
| Diastolic, mm Hg | 84 (9) | 87 (10) | 81 (9) | 85 (9) |
| Resting heart rate, bpm | 69 (11) | 68 (7) | 68 (12) | 71 (13) |
| Cardiometabolic profile | ||||
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 189.5 (30.9) | 185.6 (34.8) | 185.6 (30.9) | 197.2 (30.9) |
| LDL, mg/dL | 123.7 (27.1) | 119.9 (23.2) | 119.9 (27.1) | 127.6 (30.9) |
| HDL, mg/dL | 50.3 (11.6) | 54.1 (11.6) | 50.3 (7.7) | 46.4 (11.6) |
| Atherogenic indexa | 3.9 (1.0) | 3.6 (0.9) | 3.9 (0.9) | 4.4 (1.1) |
| HbA1c, % of total hemoglobin | 5.9 (0.5) | 5.8 (0.4) | 5.7 (0.5) | 6.2 (0.6) |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 34.5 (3.6) | 33.6 (3.0) | 33.5 (3.6) | 36.6 (3.7) |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 88.2 (9.0) | 91.8 (9.0) | 84.6 (7.2) | 91.8 (9.0) |
| Pro-BNP, median (IQR), pg/mL | 50 (50-60) | 50 (50-81) | 50 (50-50) | 50 (50-50) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); bpm, beats per minute; IQR, interquartile range; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; pro-BNP, pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; RM, repetition maximum; Vo2 max, maximal oxygen consumption.
SI conversion factors: To convert cholesterol to millimoles per liter, multiply values by 0.0259; glucose to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.0555; pro-BNP to nanograms per liter, multiply by 1.
a
Total cholesterol divided by HDL.