Table 1.

The major clinical trials evaluating the cardiovascular safety of DPP4i in type 2 diabetes.

Trial	Compound evaluated	Year published	Participants randomized	Median follow-up time (years)	MACE definition	Main inclusion criteria at baseline
EXAMINE	Alogliptin	2013	5380	1.5	3P: cardiovascular death, non-fatal MI or stroke	Recent myocardial infarction or unstable angina requiring hospitalization HbA1c: 6.5%–11.0% (7%–11.0% when on insulin)
SAVOR-TIMI 53	Saxagliptin	2013	16,492	2.1	3P: cardiovascular death, non-fatal MI or stroke	History of, or high risk for, cardiovascular disease >40 years old HbA1c: 6.5%–12.0%
TECOS	Sitagliptin	2015	14,735	3.0	4P: cardiovascular death, non-fatal MI or stroke, or hosp. unstable angina	Established cardiovascular disease >50 years old HbA1c: 6.5%–8%
CARMELINA	Linagliptin	2018	6991	2.2	3P: cardiovascular death, non-fatal MI or stroke	High cardiovascular (prior CVD or albuminuria) and renal risk HbA1c: 6.5%–10.0%

EXAMINE³: Examination of Cardiovascular Outcomes with Alogliptin versus Standard of Care; SAVOR-TIMI 53⁵: Saxagliptin Assessment of Vascular Outcomes Recorded in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus – Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction; TECOS⁴: Trial Evaluating Cardiovascular Outcomes with Sitagliptin; CARMELINA⁷,⁸: Cardiovascular and Renal Microvascular Outcome Study With Linagliptin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; MACE: major adverse cardiovascular events; MI: myocardial infarction; 3P: 3-point; 4P: 4-point; HbA1c: glycated haemoglobin; CVD: cardiovascular disease.

Data were derived from the literature.^3–5,7,8