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. 2019 Jul 3;14:4781–4800. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S207666

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© 2019 Wu et al.

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PMC Copyright notice

Schematic illustration of the MnO₂ NS-mediated intracellular-hybridized chain reaction (HCR) signal amplification system for efficiently detecting miRNA-21 in living HeLa cells. The MnO₂ NSs could deliver two types of hairpin DNA probes into the cytosol. Overexpressed glutathione (GSH) in HeLa cells and displacement reactions by other proteins or nucleic acids promoted the decomposition of the MnO₂ NSs to release free hairpins, which assembled into double-stranded (dsDNA) polymers upon binding to the target miRNA-21. Subsequently, enhanced FRET signals were produced to realize accurate and sensitive detection. Reprinted with permission from Li J, Li D, Yuan R, Xiang Y. Biodegradable MnO2 nanosheet-mediated signal amplification in living cells enables sensitive detection of down-regulated intracellular MicroRNA. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2017;9(7):5717–5724.¹¹¹ Copyright 2017 American Chemical Society.