Table 3.

Cytotoxicity results of various nanomaterials based on MnO₂ NSs

Nanomaterials	Cell lines	Response, maximum exposure concentration, and duration	Testing assays	Reference
CQDs-MnO2 NS	HeLa	No apparent loss of cell viability, 30 µg/mL, 24 hrs	MTT	170
GQDs-MnO2 nanoprobe	MCF-7	Low cytotoxicity, 40 µg/mL, 24 hrs	MTT	87
g-C3N4-MnO2 nanosandwich	HeLa	No apparent loss of cell viability, 50 µg/mL, 24 hrs	CCK-8	151
MnO2 NS-FAM + TMR hairpins	HeLa	Insignificant viability loss, 86% alive, 60 µg/mL, 24 hrs	MTT	111
MnO2 NS-FAM + TMR hairpins	MCF-7 & HepG2	Low cytotoxicity, 90 µg/mL, 24 hrs	MTT	171
MnO2 NS-Janus DNA machine	MCF-7	Good biocompatibilty, 100 µg/mL, 24 hrs	MTT	69
MnO2 NS-aptamer nanoprobe	CCRF-CEM and Ramos	79% of cells remained alive, 1 mM, 24 hrs	MTS	150
Ru(BPY)3@MnO2 nanoprobe	HeLa	The viabilities remained higher than 87%, 160 µM, 24 hrs	MTT	157
MnO2 NS-“DD-A” binary probe	HepG2	Low cytotxicity, 90 µg/mL, 24 hrs	MTT	172

Abbreviations: CCK-8, cell counting kit-8; NS, nanosheet; GQD, graphene quantum dot.