Figure 6.

Increased mitochondrial ROS production in Candida albicans in the presence of 5 nm AgNPs. Candida albicans (A, C, E) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (B, D, F) were cultured in the presence of 5 nm AgNPs for 30 minutes. Then, ROS levels were assessed using MitoSOX Red labeling. NAC was added to the culture 1 hour prior to the addition of AgNPs or H₂O₂ (100 μM for C. albicans and 580 μM for S. cerevisiae). Control consists of yeast cells not treated with AgNPs. Data are presented as mean ± SD from two independent experiments performed in triplicate. *P<0.05, **P<0.005, ***P<0.001.

Abbreviations: AgNPs, silver nanoparticles; gMFI, geometric mean fluorescence intensity; NAC, N-acetylcysteine; ROS, reactive oxygen species.