Table 2. Perinatal characteristics and CS rates by intervention stages among all births in Guangzhou, China, 2008–2016 (n = 1,921,932).
| Variable | Perinatal characteristics, N (%) | CS rates, % (95% CI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Total | Baseline | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | |
| Total | 461,985 (24.0) | 902,147 (46.9) | 557,800 (29.0) | 39.0 (38.4–39.6) | 42.4 (42.0–42.7) | 39.8 (39.3–40.2) | 35.0 (34.4–35.5) |
| Maternal age (y) (N = 1,914,289) | |||||||
| Mean (SD) | 27.9 (4.8) | 28.4 (4.9) | 29.4 (5.0) | ||||
| <25 | 134 006 (29) | 232 183 (26) | 104 172 (19) | 28.9 (28.1–29.6) | 32.9 (32.5–33.3) | 29.5 (29.0–30.0) | 22.3 (21.7–22.9) |
| 25–29 | 187 168 (41) | 361 428 (40) | 220 117 (39) | 36.7 (35.8–37.7) | 42.3 (41.8–42.7) | 37.8 (37.2–38.4) | 30.2 (29.6–30.8) |
| 30–34 | 97 645 (21) | 215 787 (24) | 156 077 (28) | 45.6 (44.8–46.3) | 49.5 (49.0–50.1) | 46.9 (46.3–47.5) | 41.2 (40.4–41.9) |
| ≥35 | 40 340 (9) | 87 948 (10) | 77 418 (14) | 55.9 (55.3–56.5) | 57.9 (57.3–58.5) | 57.4 (56.9–57.9) | 53.2 (52.5–53.9) |
| Parity (N = 1,916,508) | |||||||
| Nulliparas | 299,722 (65) | 513,848 (57) | 269,952 (49) | 39.2 (38.1–40.3) | 44.9 (44.5–45.4) | 40.3 (39.6–41.0) | 30.7 (30.0–31.4) |
| Multiparas with PCS | 28,515 (6) | 90,068 (10) | 80,502 (14) | 92.6 (92.1–93.1) | 94.5 (94.1–94.9) | 94.2 (93.9–94.5) | 90.2 (89.7–90.7) |
| Multiparas with PVD | 132,820 (29) | 296,823 (33) | 204,258 (37) | 21.9 (21.4–22.5) | 25.3 (24.9–25.8) | 22.3 (21.9–22.7) | 19.1 (18.4–19.8) |
| Gestational weeks (N = 1,921,932) | |||||||
| Preterm | 32,457 (7) | 68,048 (8) | 43,111 (8) | 50.2 (49.5–51.0) | 45.8 (45.0–46.7) | 50.8 (49.8–51.8) | 52.6 (51.7–53.6) |
| Term | 428,739 (93) | 833,508 (92) | 514,581 (92) | 38.1 (37.4–38.8) | 42.1 (41.7–42.4) | 38.9 (38.4–39.3) | 33.5 (33.0–34.0) |
| Post-term | 789 (0.2) | 591 (0.1) | 108 (0.02) | 49.5 (47.2–51.9) | 52.3 (49.6–55.1) | 48.2 (44.1–52.4) | 36.1 (24.8–47.4) |
| Birth weight (N = 1,921,039) | |||||||
| Mean (SD) (g) | 3,159 (478) | 3,153 (475) | 3,148 (476) | ||||
| Low birth weight | 28,465 (6) | 58,681 (7) | 37,907 (7) | 51.7 (51.0–52.4) | 47.2 (46.3–48.0) | 52.5 (51.5–53.5) | 53.9 (52.8–54.9) |
| Normal | 416,835 (90) | 814,159 (90) | 502,375 (90) | 37.4 (36.7–38.0) | 41.2 (40.8–41.6) | 38.1 (37.7–38.6) | 33.0 (32.4–33.5) |
| Macrosomia | 16,452 (4) | 29,100 (3) | 17,065 (3) | 59.2 (58.3–60.1) | 63.2 (62.3–64.2) | 60.1 (59.2–61.0) | 53.8 (52.8–54.9) |
Baseline: January 2008–September 2010; Stage 1: October 2010–September 2014; Stage 2: October 2014–December 2016.
Abbreviations: CS, cesarean section; PCS, prior cesarean section; PVD, prior vaginal delivery