Table 3. MMR and PMR by intervention stages in Guangzhou, China, 2008–2016.

	Maternal mortality			Perinatal mortality
	Deaths (N)	Live Births (N)	Ratio (1 per 100,000 live births)	Deaths (N)	Births (N)	Rate (‰)
Baseline	84	459,043	18.3	3,368	461,985	7.3
Stage 1	107	897,469	11.9	5,347	902,147	5.9
Stage 2	47	555,178	8.5	2,921	557,800	5.2
Z	−4.3680 (p < 0.001)			−13.1420 (p < 0.001)

The p-value was obtained from the Cochran-Armitage trend test.

Baseline: January 2008–September 2010; Stage 1: October 2010–September 2014; Stage 2: October 2014–December 2016.

MMR was defined as the number of maternal deaths (during pregnancy or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, except for accidental deaths) per 100,000 live births; PMR was defined as the number of stillbirths (≥28 weeks of gestation) and early neonatal deaths (0–6 days) per 1,000 births.

Abbreviations: MMR, maternal mortality ratio; PMR, perinatal mortality rate