Table 4.

Summary of adherence intervention type and effects on outcomes. Based on detailed description of each study in online supplementary appendix 5

Intervention type	Mortality	Morbidity	Healthcare utilisation	Healthcare costs	Patient satisfaction	QoL
Reminders	4 RCTs	5 RCTs	2 RCTs		2 RCTs	2 RCTs
Simplified dosing		2 RCTs	2 RCTs		2 RCTs	3 RCTs
Direct observed treatment (DOT)	1 RCT	1 RCT
Patient education	2 RCTs	3 RCTs	7 RCTs	1 RCT	1 RCT	8 RCTs
Counselling	1 RCT	2 RCTs	1 RCT		1 RCT	3 RCTs
Web-based programmes			1 RCT
Prescribing pharmacists		1 RCT	1 RCT			3 RCTs
Physicians assess to adherence information		2 RCTs	2 RCTs
All RCTs positive result	2 RCTs positive and 1 RCT negative result	RCTs 50/50 positive/negative result within or between	3 RCTs positive and 5 RCTs negative result	2 RCTs negative, 1 RCT positive, or 1 RCT negative and 1 RCT positive/negative result within	All RCTs negative result

QoL, quality of life; RCT, randomised controlled trial.