Table 2.

Factors associated with depressive symptoms among adolescents living with HIV/AIDS.

Variable	No depressive symptoms n (%)	Depressive symptoms n (%)	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)
Gender
Male	73 (40.1)	54 (35.1)	Ref
Female	109 (59.9)	100 (64.9)	1.24 (0.80–1.93)	1.01 (0.61–1.67)
Mean Age in years
10–14	139 (76.4)	83 (53.9)	Ref
15–19	43 (23.6)	71 (46.1)	2.76 (1.73–4.41)***	1.63 (0.92–2.92)
Parents alive or not
None of the parents alive	27 (14.8)	25 (16.2)		REF
Either one alive	64 (35.2)	59 (38.3)	0.99 (0.52–1.99)	0.94 (0.45–1.95)
Both alive	91 (50.0)	70 (44.5)	0.83 (0.44–1.86)	0.94 (0.46–1.92)
Transport means to clinic
Walking	17 (9.3)	27 (17.5)	Ref
Motorcycle/taxi	165 (90.7)	127 (82.5)	0.48 (0.25–0.93)*	0.67 (1.33–1.39)
Time taken to travel to clinic
Less than 30 min	85 (47.2)	56 (36.4)	Ref
More than 30 min	95 (52.8)	98 (63.6)	1.57 (1.01–2.43)*	1.66 (1.02–2.70)*
WHO staging
Stage 2–4	34 (19.2)	18 (12.2)	Ref
Stage 1	143 (80.8)	130 (87.8)	1.71 (0.92–3.18)	1.38 (0.70–2.70)
Adherence
>95%	158 (90.8)	118 (86.1)	Ref
<95%	16 (9.2)	19 (13.9)	0.63 (0.31–1.27)	0.59 (0.27–1,25)
Risky sexual behavior
No	172 (94.5)	128 (83.1)	Ref
Yes	10 (5.5)	26 (16.9)	3.49 (1.63–7.50)**	1.50 (0.58–3.91)
Ever disclosed HIV status
No	130 (71.8)	81 (52.9)	Ref
Yes	51 (28.2)	72 (47.1)	2.26 (1.43–3.56)***	1.64 (0.95–2.83)

^*P < .05,

^**P < .01

^***P < .001

Bold are estimates for which the p-value was significant (less than 0.05).