Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of the study population
| Total | Outcome |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survived | Mortality | P-value | GOS score 4–5 | GOS score 2–3 | P-value | ||
| Number | 3,642 (100) | 3,216 (88.3) | 426 (11.7) | 2,764 (75.9) | 452 (12.4) | ||
| Age (yr) | 53.2 ± 17.7 | 52.3 ± 17.6 | 60.5 ± 17.0 | < 0.01 | 51.9 ± 17.6 | 54.5 ± 17.6 | < 0.01 |
| Sex, male | 2,630 (72.2) | 2,321 (88.3 | 309 (11.7) | 0.87 | 1,958 (74.4) | 363 (13.8) | < 0.01 |
| Mode of injury | 0.01 | 0.10 | |||||
| Traffic accident | 2,274 (62.4) | 2,027 (89.1) | 247 (10.9) | 1,747 (76.8) | 280 (12.3) | ||
| Fall/slip | 1,188 (32.6) | 1,021 (85.9) | 167 (14.1) | 864 (72.7) | 157 (13.2) | ||
| Blunt | 146 (4) | 137 (93.8) | 9 (6.2) | 122 (83.6) | 15 (10.3) | ||
| Penetrating | 26 (0.7) | 24 (92.3) | 2 (7.7) | 24 (92.3) | 0 (0) | ||
| Machine | 8 (0.2) | 7 (87.5) | 1 (12.5) | 7 (87.5) | 0 (0) | ||
| Polytrauma | 2,756 (75.7) | 2,452 (89) | 304 (11) | 0.03 | 2,125 (77.1) | 327 (11.9) | 0.01 |
| Region | |||||||
| Rural | 2,086 (57.3) | 1,870 (89.6) | 216 (10.4) | < 0.01 | 1,622 (77.8) | 248 (11.9) | < 0.01 |
| Urban | 1,556 (42.7) | 1,346 (86.5) | 210 (13.5) | 1,142 (73.4) | 204 (13.1) | ||
| Season | |||||||
| Spring | 894 (24.5) | 815 (91.2) | 79 (8.8) | < 0.01 | 702 (78.5) | 113 (12.6) | < 0.01 |
| Summer | 885 (24.3) | 757 (85.5) | 128 (14.5) | 656 (74.1) | 101 (11.4) | ||
| Autumn | 821 (22.5) | 707 (86.1) | 114 (13.9) | 577 (70.3) | 130 (15.8) | ||
| Winter | 1,042 (28.6) | 937 (89.9) | 105 (10.1) | 829 (79.6) | 108 (10.4) | ||
| Day/night time | |||||||
| Night time | 1,652 (45.4) | 1,487 (90.0) | 165 (10.0) | < 0.01 | 1,274 (77.1) | 213 (12.9) | 0.01 |
| Day timea) | 1,990 (54.6) | 1,729 (86.9) | 261 (13.1) | 1,490 (74.9) | 239 (12.0) | ||
| Level of ED | |||||||
| 1 | 671 (18.4) | 554 (82.6) | 117 (17.4) | < 0.01 | 462 (68.9) | 92 (13.7) | < 0.01 |
| 2 | 1,615 (44.3) | 1,368 (84.7) | 247 (15.3) | 1,203 (74.5) | 165 (10.2) | ||
| 3 | 1,356 (37.2) | 1,294 (95.4) | 62 (4.6) | 1,099 (81) | 195 (14.4) | ||
Values are presented as number (%) or mean±standard deviation.
GOS, Glasgow Outcome Scale; ED, emergency department.
a)
Day time was defined as EMS call time between 7 a.m. and 7 p.m. and night time as EMS call between 7 p.m. and 7 a.m.