Table 1.

Characteristics of the 16 Reviewed Studies

Characteristic	n (%)
Level of the healthcare system addressed (among all 16 included studies)
Direct care	4 (25)
Organizational design	4 (25)
Policy-making	6 (38)
Research	5 (31)
Patient/family organization recruitment (among 13 interventional studies)
Recruited by clinical/administrative staff	1 (8)
Recruited by community outreach	8 (62)
Elected	0 (0)
Recruitment not described	4 (31)
Outcomes of interest (among all 16 included studies)
Organizational priority setting	5 (32)
Implementation of quality improvement	4 (25)
Recruitment/retention of research subjects	4 (25)
Conduct of research	1 (6)
Direct care services	1 (6)
Clinical outcomes	1 (6)