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. 2019 Jul 8;9:9867. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-46344-z

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Growth and maintenance of a pH gradient in ampicillin treated L. lactis MG1363. We diluted stationary L. lactis MG1363_GFP cells in medium with ampicillin and measured their ability to grow in liquid medium and on agar plates (shown as CFUs/mL) and their ability to maintain a pH gradient in time (shown as highly fluorescent cells/mL). LIVE/DEAD staining was used to determine the amount of L. lactis MG1363 cells that have an intact membrane after ampicillin exposure (shown as live-stained cells/mL). Some error bars (SD, n = 3) are too small to be visible.