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. 2019 Jul 8;9:9867. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-46344-z

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Metabolic activity of ampicillin treated L. lactis MG1363. Stationary L. lactis MG1363_GFP cells were diluted in medium with ampicillin (n = 3). After 48 hours (left panel) cells were temporarily exposed to high lactate levels (middle panel). At pH 4.5 this reduced the GFP fluorescence due to weak acid uncoupling. When the lactate concentration was lowered the amount of highly fluorescent cells increased from 8 ± 2% to 44 ± 9% (right panel). This shows that 36 ± 7% of the cells could restore the high fluorescence signal, indicating that these cells were metabolically active.