Table 2.

Raw distribution of variables for the 329 Philadelphia participants in the witnessing and non-witnessing exposure categories before and after balancing with propensity score analysis using inverse probability of treatment weighting.

		Before propensity score weighting, n (%)		After propensity score weighting, %
Variable	Responses (N = 329)	Non-witness (n = 145)	Witness (n = 184)	Non-witness (n = 145)	Witness (n = 184)
Sex	329
Male		33 (49.3)	34 (50.8)	32.1	67.9
Female				53.3	46.7
Race	319
White		71 (50.7)	69 (49.3)	49.1	50.9
Black		61 (43.7)	82 (57.3)	52.5	47.5
Other		10 (27.8)	26 (72.2)	48.6	51.4
Missing		3 (30.0)	7 (70.0)
Grow up in Philadelphia	329	95 (40.4)	140 (59.6)	50.5	49.5
≥2 Household ACEs	326	15 (14.7)	87 (85.3)	51.2	48.8
≥1 Community ACEs	328	25 (25.8)	72 (74.2)	48.2	51.8
≥4 Total ACEs	325	8 (10.1)	71 (89.9)	48.9	51.1
During childhood…
Physical abuse	328	38 (25.2)	113 (74.8)	52.0	48.0
Sexual abuse	328	13 (20.0)	52 (80.0)	48.2	57.8
Verbal abuse	328	29 (21.2)	108 (78.8)	53.2	46.8
Abuse w/injury	328	6 (9.2)	59 (90.8)	31.8	68.2
Food insecurity	329	2 (15.4)	11 (84.6)	11.2	88.8
Felt neighborhood was unsafe	329	27 (36.0)	48 (64.0)	47.0	53.0
Was bullied	329	50 (32.5)	104 (67.5)	47.1	52.9
Witnessed community violence	329	66 (35.3)	121 (64.7)	50.5	49.5
Had adult who made you feel special	328	3 (17.7)	14 (82.4)	14.0	86.0
Lived in foster care	328	2 (40.0)	3 (60.0)	19.4	80.6
Felt discriminated against	329	34 (35.4)	62 (64.6)	47.6	52.4
During childhood…
Adult in home had mental illness	327	17 (23.9)	54 (74.1)	35.0	65.0
Adult in home abused alcohol	326	124 (53.7)	107 (46.3)	48.2	51.8
Adult in home used drugs	328	132 (49.8)	133 (50.2)	42.3	57.7
Adult in home served time in prison	328	135 (46.9)	153 (53.1)	44.1	55.9