Figure 4. GYY4137 inhibits oxidative stress and mitochondrial calcium in hypoxia-induced PASMCs.
(A) Effects of GYY4137 on hypoxia-induced overproduction of ROS in mitochondria of PASMCs. Random micrographs of mitosox-derived fluorescence in PASMCs. Quantitative analysis of the MFI was obtained in the indicated groups. Data are the means ± SEM (n=3). *P<0.05 compared with normoxia, #P<0.05 compared with hypoxia. Original magnification ×200. (B) Effects of GYY4137 on SOD, CAT, and MDA activity in PASMCs. Data are the means ± SEM (n=3). *P<0.05 compared with normoxia, #P<0.05 compared with hypoxia. (C) Imaging of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening with calcein. PASMCs were treated with: normoxic, hypoxia, hypoxia+GYY4137 (100 µM), hypoxia+NAC, and then further incubated for 48 h. The MPTP opening was measured by staining with calcein-AM and COCl2 (n=5 independent preparations). (D) Caspase activity of -3, -8, and -9 in PASMCs. The results were expressed as the mean ± S.E.M. (*P<0.05 vs hypoxia group, n=3).