Figure 12.

Effect of insulin on biofilm formation of the (A) PAO1 strain, (B) PAO1/P_lac-yhjH strain and (C) PAO1ΔwspF strain in microplates. An overnight culture was diluted with ABTGC medium supplemented with Humulin^® N insulin or denatured insulin with a final amount of 200 nU, 200 µU, 200 mU or 200 mU. Biofilm formation was monitored after 12 hours of continuous cultivation. The mean and SD from at least triplicate experiments are shown. Note: *P < 0.05 compared with the control group, **P < 0.01 compared with the control group.