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The effects of MSC on immune cells. The secretion of IL-6, IL-8 and GM-CSF by MSC increases neutrophil migration to the site of infection/injury, enhancing their activation and phagocytosis whilst promoting their survival. Furthermore, MSC can secrete other cytokines like PGE2, IDO, HGF, CPG, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β1 and so on to affect the proliferation, differentiation, maturation and function of other immune cells such as T cell, B cell, Dendritic cell, Macrophage and NK cell.
