TABLE 1.
Baseline Patient Characteristics for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Hospitalizations Using Noninvasive Ventilation by Treatment Location
| Characteristics | Overall (n = 5,081) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Ward (n = 2,462) | ICU (n =2,619) | P | |
| Age, median (IQR) | 66 (56–75) | 65 (56–74) | 0.05 |
| Female, n (%) | 1,474 (60) | 1,559 (60) | 0.80 |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | |||
| Non-Hispanic white | 1,633 (66) | 1,859 (71) | < 0.001 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 435 (18) | 492 (19) | |
| Hispanic | 201 (8) | 124 (5) | |
| Other/unknown | 193 (8) | 144 (6) | |
| Primary health insurance, n (%) | |||
| Medicare | 1,504 (61) | 1,552 (59) | 0.30 |
| Medicaid | 471 (19) | 527 (20) | |
| Private insurance | 378 (15) | 438 (17) | |
| Other/unknown | 109 (4) | 102 (4) | |
| Median income quartile ($), n (%) | |||
| 1 (1–39,999) | 701 (28) | 701 (27) | 0.45 |
| 2 (40,000–50,999) | 544 (22) | 602 (23) | |
| 3 (51,000–65,999) | 525 (21) | 589 (22) | |
| 4 (66,000+) | 692 (28) | 727 (28) | |
| Noninvasive ventilation failure, n (%) | 67 (3) | 370 (14) | < 0.001 |
| Percent intubated, n (%) | 85 (3) | 504 (19) | < 0.001 |
| Organ failures, n (%) | |||
| Cardiovascular | 47 (2) | 139 (5) | < 0.001 |
| Hematologic | 68 (3) | 106 (4) | 0.01 |
| Hepatic | < 10 | 11 (0.42) | 0.12 |
| Metabolic | 375 (15) | 542 (21) | < 0.001 |
| Neurologic | 80 (3) | 180 (7) | < 0.001 |
| Renal | 214 (9) | 327 (12) | < 0.001 |
| Elixhauser comorbidity score, median (IQR) | 4 (−1 to 11) | 7 (−1 to 13) | < 0.001 |
| Selected comorbidities, n (%) | |||
| Alcohol abuse | 128 (5) | 143 (5) | 0.68 |
| Any cancer (with or without metastases) | 91 (4) | 87 (3) | 0.47 |
| Congestive heart failure | 776 (32) | 838 (32) | 0.71 |
| Diabetes mellitus (with or without complications) | 884 (36) | 850 (32) | 0.01 |
| Liver disease | 56 (2) | 62 (2) | 0.83 |
| Obesity | 681 (28) | 710 (27) | 0.66 |
| Other neurologic disorders | 225 (9) | 286 (11) | 0.03 |
| Pulmonary circulation disorders | 16 (1) | 82 (3) | < 0.001 |
| Selected active diagnoses at admission, n (%) | |||
| Lung cancer | 32 (1) | 35 (1) | 0.91 |
| Pneumonia | 326 (13) | 504 (19) | < 0.001 |
| Pulmonary embolus | 17 (1) | 18 (1) | 0.99 |
| Severe sepsis or septic shock | < 10 | 30 (1) | < 0.001 |
| Smoking | 1,680 (68) | 1,850 (71) | 0.06 |
IQR = interquartile range.
n is the number of hospitalizations. Proportions may not equal 100% due to rounding.