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. 2019 Jul 1;10:659. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00659

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Copyright © 2019 Balkrishna, Sakat, Joshi, Paudel, Joshi, Joshi, Ranjan, Gupta, Bhattacharya and Varshney

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Pain sensitivity modulation by DAR treatment. (A) Paw withdrawal threshold was measured using Randall Selitto (mechanical hyperalgesia) parameter. The results showed a significant decrease in the paw withdrawal threshold following the onset of RA in the collagen-antibody cocktail (C-Ab) and LPS stimulated DC animals as compared to the NC. Reduction in mechanical hyperalgesia was observed following the treatment of collagen-antibody-induced arthritis mice with DAR and MTX. (B) Thermal hyperalgesia tested using the hot plate test was found to be increased in the DC animals following exposure to C-Ab and LPS as compared to the NC animals. This was found to recover back to normal levels following treatment with DAR and MTX. Values in the results are mean ± SEM. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Neuman–Newman–Keuls multiple-comparison test was used to calculate statistical difference on individual days in NC versus DC (p-value # < 0.05; ## < 0.01), MTX or DAR treatment versus DC (p-value * < 0.05), and comparison between MTX and DAR treatments [p-value ψ > 0.05 (non-significant)].