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. 2019 May 22;47(12):6084–6097. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkz434

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© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 6. — Dependence of the energy on the width of the grooves of the double helix for putrescine²⁺, spermidine³⁺ and spermine⁴⁺ molecules in complex with DNA. The cases of localization of polyamine molecule in minor groove (A), major groove (B), and near the phosphate group from the outside of the double helix (C). The figures at the bottom of each graph illustrate the scheme of localization of polyamine molecule with respect to the strands of the double helix (the size of the polyamine molecule and DNA backbone are shown proportionate to the width of the double helix groove).