Table 1.
Preoperative variables and postoperative predicted outcomes of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Surgical Risk Calculator
| Preoperative | Postoperative |
|---|---|
| predictive variables | predicted outcomes |
| Age group (in years: <65, 65–74, 75–84, >84) | Death |
| Sex (female) | Pneumonia |
| Functional status (independent, partially dependent, totally dependent) | Cardiac event |
| Emergent nature of the procedure (yes, no) | Surgical site infection |
| American Society of Anesthesiologists class (1–5) | Urinary tract infection |
| Wound class (clean, clean contaminated, contaminated, dirty infected) | Venous thromboembolic event |
| Diabetes (no; yes, oral medications; yes, insulin) | Renal failure |
| Hypertension requiring medication (yes, no) | Return to the operating room |
| Previous cardiac event (yes, no) | Any complication* |
| Congestive heart failure within 30 days of surgery (yes, no) | Serious complication† |
| Dyspnea with exertion (none, with moderate exertion, at rest) | Length of stay (in days) |
| Chronic steroid use (yes, no) | Discharge to postacute care |
| Smoking status within 1 year of surgery (yes, no) | |
| Severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (yes, no) | |
| Ascites within 30 days of surgery (yes, no) | |
| Sepsis within 48 hours of surgery (none, SIRS, sepsis, septic shock) | |
| Acute renal failure (yes, no) | |
| Dialysis dependence (yes, no) | |
| Ventilator dependence (yes, no) | |
| Body mass index (in kg/m2) | |
| Presence of disseminated cancer on preoperative imaging (yes, no) |
SIRS = systemic inflammatory response syndrome.
Any complication defined as superficial incisional SSI, deep incisional SSI, organ space SSI, wound disruption, pneumonia, unplanned intubation, pulmonary embolus, ventilator >48 hours, progressive renal insufficiency, acute renal failure, urinary tract infection, stroke, cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, deep vein thrombosis, or systemic sepsis.
Serious complications defined as death, cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, pneumonia, progressive renal insufficiency, acute renal failure, pulmonary embolus, deep venous thrombosis, return to the operating room, deep incisional SSI, organ space SSI, systemic sepsis, unplanned intubation, urinary tract infection, or wound disruption.