Ferumoxytol-labeled and unlabeled matrix-associated stem cell implants
(MASIs) in a Göttingen minipig. (a) Sagittal image
from proton density–weighted MRI (repetition time msec/echo time
msec, 3700/30) of the distal femur with ferumoxytol-labeled MASIs in
cartilage defects (arrows) shows hypointense signal in the MASIs
compared with the adjacent healthy cartilage. (b)
Corresponding color-encoded T2 map overlaid on a sagittal T2-weighted
spin-echo image (3500/60) shows shortened T2 relaxation times of
ferumoxytol-labeled MASIs (arrows) compared with the adjacent cartilage.
(c) Corresponding photograph of macroscopic specimen of
the same knee joint at 12 weeks after surgical implantation shows
partial cartilage regeneration of the defects (circles).
(d) Sagittal image from proton density–weighted
MRI (3700/30) of the distal femur with unlabeled MASIs (arrows) shows
iso- to hyperintense signal compared with the adjacent healthy
cartilage. (e) Corresponding color-encoded T2 map overlaid
on a sagittal T2-weighted spin-echo image (3500/60) shows similar T2
relaxation times of unlabeled MASIs (arrows) compared with the adjacent
cartilage. (f) Corresponding photograph of macroscopic
specimen at 12 weeks after surgical implantation shows no difference in
cartilage regeneration outcomes (circles), indicating no negative
effects of the iron label on the MASIs. (g) Scatterplot of
results of histopathologic analysis of joint specimen at 12 weeks after
implantation of ferumoxytol-labeled and unlabeled MASI, as assessed with
the Pineda score (a cartilage histologic scoring system based on four
factors of filling defect, reconstruction of the osteochondral junction,
matrix staining, and cell morphology) (P = .35,
indicating no difference in cartilage defect repair outcomes between
labeled and unlabeled MASIs). (h) Scatterplot of results of
collagen type 2 staining, measured as positively stained pixels in the
histopathologic specimen (P = .79, showing no
difference in cartilage defect repair outcomes between labeled and
unlabeled MASIs). Data are means and standard errors of the mean for
labeled and unlabeled MASIs.