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Ginkgo extracts increase intracellular cAMP level in human endothelial cells. G4E (grey bars) and G24 (white bars) 250 μg/mL increased intracellular cyclic AMP in HUVECs after 1 and 6 h treatments. The effect was comparable to the well-known phosphodiesterase inhibitor theophylline 500 μM (90 μg/mL), which increased intracellular cyclic AMP of 1.59- and 1.89-folds, respectively, after 1 h and 6 h, compared to TNFα.
