Table 4.
ROS-mediated regulation of trophoblast function.
| Agent | Molecular effects | EVT functions | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Decanoic acid | Disrupts mitochondrial function ↑ ROS generation ↓ Akt and ERK1/2 pathways |
↓ proliferation ↓ invasion |
[185] |
| Trichloroethylene | Disrupts mitochondrial function ↑ ROS generation ↑ proinflammatory cytokine production |
— | [190] |
| Benzo(a)pyren-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide | Disrupts mitochondrial function ↑ ROS generation ↓ SOD activity Induces apoptosis |
↓ invasion | [193] |
| Higher H2O2 concentrations | Induces apoptosis | ↓ invasion | [194] |
|
| |||
| Lower H2O2 concentrations | ↑ STAT 1 and 3 pathways ↑ MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio |
↑ invasion | [191] |
| Selenium (under hypoxic conditions) | ↓ mitochondrial stress | ↑ proliferation ↑ migration |
[186] |
| Edaravone (under hypoxic conditions) | ↓ ROS production | ↑ proliferation ↑ migration ↑ invasion |
[187] |
| Flavonoids (under hypoxia/reoxygenation) | ↓ ROS production | — | [189] |