Table 3.

Structural Equation Model Parameter Estimates for Determining Relationships among Dimensions of Disability

Relationships among Dimensions of Disability	Unstandardized Parameter Estimates (95% CI)	Standardized Parameter Estimates (95% CI)
Challenges to Social Inclusion
on Difficulties Carrying out Day-to-Day Activities	0.23 (0.16, 0.30)*	0.19 (0.13–0.25)*
on Mental-Emotional Symptoms and Impairments	0.37 (0.30, 0.43)*	0.39 (0.32–0.45)*
on Uncertainty	0.36 (0.30, 0.42)*	0.38 (0.32–0.44)*
on Cognitive Symptoms and Impairments	−0.02 (−0.08, 0.04)	−0.02 (−0.07–0.04)
on Physical Symptoms and Impairments	0.04 (−0.05, 0.14)	0.03 (− 0.03–0.09)
Mental – Emotional Health Challenges
on Uncertainty	0.53 (0.48, 0.58)*	0.53 (0.48, 0.58)*
on Cognitive Symptoms and Impairments	0.20 (0.14, 0.27)*	0.18 (0.12, 0.24)*
on Physical Symptoms and Impairments	0.37 (0.29, 0.46)*	0.24 (0.18, 0.30)*
Difficulties Carrying Out Day-to-Day Activities
on Mental-Emotional Symptoms and Impairments	0.14 (0.08, 0.19)*	0.18 (0.11–0.24)*
on Cognitive Symptoms and Impairments	0.13 (0.07, 0.19)*	0.15 (0.08, 0.22)*
on Physical Symptoms and Impairments	0.65 (0.57, 0.73)*	0.54 (0.47, 0.60)*
Uncertainty
on Cognitive Symptoms and Impairments	0.32 (0.24, 0.41)*	0.29 (0.21–0.37)*
on Physical Symptoms and Impairments	0.56 (0.44, 0.68)*	0.36 (0.29–0.43)*
Physical Symptoms and Impairments
Correlated with Cognitive Symptoms and Impairments	217.5 (187.92, 246.38)*	0.64 (0.60–0.68)*

Structural Equation Model Results: Relationships represented by HDQ Severity Scores. Chi-square statistic (χ²): 2.51; p value: 0.11; Degrees of freedom: 1; Comparative Fit Index (CFI): 1.00 (ideal is ≥ 0.95); Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI): 0.99 (ideal is ≥ 0.95)Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA): 0.04 (good fit represented by < 0.05); *significant p < 0.001; Note: ‘on’ refers to relationships where parameter estimates represent regression coefficients; ‘correlated with’ indicates correlation coefficient