Table 2.

Summary of health, exposure, and other participant and household measurements

Measurement	Description	Source	Groups Measured	Timinga
Primary health endpoints	Blood pressure (brachial systolic and diastolic) C-reactive protein (systemic inflammation) Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)	SphygmoCor XCEL monitor Dried blood spots Finger-stick point-of-care instrument	All participants All participants All participants	All 6 visits, day 2 All 6 visits, day 2 All 6 visits, day 2
Secondary health endpoints	Other biomarkers of systemic injury and inflammation Metabolomics Augmentation index and central pulse pressure Blood lipids (LDL, HDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides) Self-reported health symptoms Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (airway inflammation) Telomere length from buccal cells	Dried blood spots Dried blood spots SphygmoCor XCEL Finger-stick point-of-care instrument Questionnaires NIOX Vero and Aero monitors Buccal scrapes	All participants All participants All participants All participants All participants Sub-set of participants Sub-set of participants	All 6 visits, day 2 Visit 1 All 6 visits, day 2 All 6 visits, day 2 All 6 visits, day 2 All 6 visits, day 2 Visits 1-4, day 2
Exposure assessments	Assigned stove type	Randomization	All participants	See Table 1 scheme
	Kitchen
	PM2.5  Black carbon  Ultrafine PM  Real time and gravimetric PM2.5  Carbon monoxide	Triplex cyclone and AirChek pump PM2.5 Filters and Sootscan Discmini Personal Data Ram Dräger Pac 7000	All kitchens All kitchens Sub-set of kitchens Sub-set of kitchens All kitchens	All 6 visits, 24-hours All 6 visits, 24-hours Visits 1-4, 24-hours Visits 1-4, 24-hours Visits 1-3, 24-hours
	Personal
	PM2.5  Black carbon  Compliance with wearing monitors  Carbon monoxide	Triplex cyclone and AirChek pump, UPAS PM2.5 Filters and Sootscan Accelerometer Dräger Pac 7000	All participants All participants All participants All participants	All 6 visits, 24-hours All 6 visits, 24-hours All 6 visits, 24-hours Visits 1-3, 24-hours
Other sources of household air pollution	Neighbors, traffic, trash burning, kerosene use Smoking status (cigarettes and puro) Secondhand smoke exposure	Questionnaires Questionnaires Screening	All participants All participants All participants	All 6 visits, day 1 Screening and all 6 visits, day 2 Screening
Stove use	Self-reported use of all cookstoves, behaviors Electronic monitoring of cookstove temperature Justa cookstove maintenance, changes, preferences Time cooking separately for animals	Questionnaires Stove Use Monitors (SUMs) Questionnaires Questionnaires	All participants All cookstoves Justa recipients All participants	All 6 visits, day 2 All 6 visits, 24-hours Visits 3-6, day 2 All 6 visits, day 2
Household and kitchen characteristics	Elevation and GPS coordinates Kitchen temperature and humidity Kitchen ventilation/openings Kitchen location, size, and housing materials	Maps.me on smart phones EasyLog monitor Questionnaires Questionnaires	All households All kitchens All kitchens All kitchens	Visit 1 (repeated if new house) All 6 visits, 24-hours Visit 1 (repeated if new house) Visit 1 (repeated if new house)
Socioeconomic and demographics	Income sources Material items, electricity, education, beds, age Household size, age of youngest child	Questionnaires Questionnaires Questionnaires	All participants All participants All participants	All 6 visits, day 1 Visit 1, day 1 All 6 visits, day 1
Other health-related measures	Illnesses, previous diagnoses Medication and vitamin use 24-hour dietary recall and diversity Weekly physical activity Body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumference Pregnancy	Questionnaires Questionnaires Questionnaires Questionnaires Anthropometric measures Screening and Questionnaires	All participants All participants All participants All participants All participants All participants	All 6 visits, day 2 All 6 visits, day 2 All 6 visits, day 2 All 6 visits, day 2 All 6 visits, day 2 Screening and all 6 visits, day 1

^aWomen received six repeated measures over the 3-year study period, with approximately six months between visits. Each study visit included two consecutive days of data collection: day 1 set-up of all exposure monitors, and day 2 take-down of monitors and collection of health measures. Further details on timing and collection procedures can be found in the “Study visits” section