Table 2.
Characteristics of included studies in the primary care setting
| Study characteristics | N studies (participants) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetes | HTN | MCC | Pregnancy | |
| No. of studies, by medical condition | 10 (1881) | 2 (1262) | 3 (645) | 11 (2010) |
| Country | ||||
| United States | 4 (426) | 1 (58) | 2 (616) | 6 (926) |
| Canada | 0 | 0 | 1 (29) | 2 (21) |
| Europe (Italy, Sweden) | 6 (1455) | 0 | 0 | 2 (435) |
| Middle East (Iran) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (628) |
| Asia (China) | 0 | 1 (1204) | 0 | 0 |
| Healthcare system | ||||
| Govt (VA, FQHC, NHS, PHD) | 3 (362) | 2 (1262) | 1 (29) | 8 (1908) |
| Private (HMO, MCO) | 1 (120) | 0 | 2 (616) | 3 (102) |
| University-affiliated clinic | 6 (1399) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Healthcare payment model | ||||
| Public (Medicaid, Medicare, govt funded) | 8 (1575) | 2 (1262) | 3 (645) | 8 (1908) |
| Private (fee-for-service, managed care) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 (102) |
| Uninsured /underinsured | 2 (306) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Study design | ||||
| Randomized controlled trial | 9 (1848) | 1 (1204) | 2 (616) | 4 (1591) |
| Non-randomized controlled trial | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (268) |
| Observational / interviews / focus groups | 1 (33) | 1 (58) | 1 (29) | 5 (122) |
| Mixed methods | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (29) |
| Sites | ||||
| Single | 9 (1066) | 1 (58) | 1 (321) | 4 (84) |
| Multisite | 1 (815) | 1 (1204) | 2 (324) | 7 (1926) |
| Study duration | ||||
| < 6 months | 1 (87) | 1 (1204) | 0 | 0 |
| 6 months | 1 (120) | 1 (58) | 0 | 0 |
| 7 to 11 months | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 (2010) |
| 12 to 18 months | 2(219) | 0 | 2 (350) | 0 |
| 24 months | 3 (1169) | 0 | 1 (295) | 0 |
| > 2 years | 3 (286) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Abbreviations: FQHC Federally qualified health center, HMO Health maintenance organization, HTN Hypertension, MCC Multiple chronic conditions, MCO Managed care organization, NHS National health service, PHD Public health district, VA Veterans Administration