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. 2019 Jul 9;10:57. doi: 10.1186/s40104-019-0368-z

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 4 — Strategies for optimizing the synthesis of ZnO NPs. The synthesis of NPs is associated with different physicochemical parameters including pH, temperature, precursor concentration, microbe age, reaction times, irradiation, and stirring. Each of these parameters contributes to variations in size, shape, monodispersity, and yield of NPs