Table 1.
Comparison of Patients Characteristics According to Mortality due to ADRs events
| No. (%) of participants | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Survived (n = 132) | Died (n = 28) | p value |
| Demographics | |||
| Age | 0.888 | ||
| ≤ 49 years | 34 (21.3) | 7 (4.4) | |
| 50–59 years | 32 (20.0) | 8 (5.0) | |
| ≥ 60 years | 66 (41.3) | 13 (8.1) | |
| Gender | 0.643 | ||
| Male | 77 (48.1) | 15 (9.4) | |
| Female | 55 (34.4) | 13 (8.1) | |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Malay | 44 (27.5) | 8 (5.0) | 0.626 |
| Chinese | 57 (35.6) | 11 (6.9) | |
| Indian | 27 (18.1) | 9 (5.6) | |
| Currently or previously smoking | 34 (21.3) | 7 (4.4) | 0.934 |
| Currently or previously consumed alcohol | 19 (11.9) | 4 (2.5) | 0.988 |
| Renal Replacement Therapy | 0.750 | ||
| Haemodialysis | 52 (32.5) | 9 (5.6) | |
| Peritoneal dialysis | 10 (6.3) | 2 (1.3) | |
| Conservative management | 70 (43.8) | 17 (10.6) | |
| Renal Function | 0.041 | ||
| 30–59 mL/min/1.73m2 | 46 (28.7) | 3 (1.9) | |
| 15–29 mL/min/1.73m2 | 22 (13.8) | 7 (4.4) | |
| < 15 mL/min/1.73m2 | 64 (40.0) | 18 (11.3) | |
| Physical examinations | |||
| Systolic, mean (SD), mm Hg | 132 (100) | 28 (100) | 0.486 |
| Diastolic, median (IQR), mm Hg | 132 (100) | 28 (100) | 0.159 |
| Comorbid conditions | |||
| Diabetes | 89 (67.4) | 17 (60.7) | 0.495 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 65 (40.6) | 7 (4.4) | 0.019 |
| Hypertension | 6 (3.8) | 22 (13.8) | 0.547 |
| UTI | 3 (1.9) | 4 (2.5) | 0.005 |
| Laboratory data | |||
| Serum Albumin, mean (SD), g/L | 132 (100) | 28 (100) | < 0.001 |
| Serum Alkaline Phosphatase, median (IQR), U/L | 131 (99) | 28 (100) | 0.009 |
| Serum Aspartate Aminotransferase, median (IQR), U/L | 94 (71) | 22 (79) | 0.009 |
| Serum CO2, mean (SD), mmol/L | 116 (88) | 26 (93) | 0.020 |
| Serum C-Reactive Protein, median (IQR), mg/L | 62 (47) | 23 (82) | < 0.001 |
| Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase, median (IQR), U/L | 94 (71) | 23 (82) | < 0.001 |
| Serum Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), mean (SD), mmol/L | 62 (50) | 6 (21) | < 0.001 |
| VMedications use | |||
| Total medication, median (IQR) | 132 (100) | 28 (100) | < 0.001 |