Table 3b.
Predictors for delay in speech and language, social, and cognitive domains
| Variables | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | P | AOR | 95% CI | P | |
| Speech and language delay | ||||||
| Family size | ||||||
| Small | 1.95 | 1.04-3.67 | 0.038 | 2.18 | 1.05-4.56 | 0.037 |
| Large | Reference | |||||
| Medication Intake by the mother during antenatal period | ||||||
| Yes | 2.20 | 1.11-4.39 | 0.024 | - | - | - |
| No | Reference | |||||
| ANC services availed by the mother | ||||||
| No | 0.24 | 0.06-0.99 | 0.049 | - | - | - |
| Yes | Reference | |||||
| Delivery conducted by | ||||||
| Dai | 3.87 | 1.49-10.06 | 0.006 | 5.15 | 1.57-16.86 | 0.007 |
| Nurse/ANM | 1.96 | 0.96-3.99 | 0.066 | 2.43 | 1.05-5.61 | 0.038 |
| Doctor | Reference | |||||
| Complications in mother during delivery | ||||||
| Yes | 2.27 | 1.18-4.37 | 0.014 | 2.54 | 1.17-5.49 | 0.018 |
| No | Reference | |||||
| Meconium aspiration | ||||||
| Yes | 5.82 | 1.86-18.24 | 0.003 | 3.81 | 0.96-15.24 | 0.058 |
| No | Reference | |||||
| Child ever breastfed | ||||||
| No | 4.74 | 1.56-14.35 | 0.006 | 8.346 | 2.17-32.08 | 0.002 |
| Yes | Reference | |||||
| Colostrum given | ||||||
| No | 2.98 | 1.40-6.34 | 0.005 | - | - | - |
| Yes | Reference | |||||
| Complementary feeding (m) | ||||||
| <6 | 0.30 | 0.09-1.06 | 0.061 | - | - | - |
| >12 | 0.30 | 0.13-0.71 | 0.006 | - | - | - |
| 6-12 | Reference | |||||
| Social Delay | ||||||
| Children in family | ||||||
| >2 | 3.59 | 1.13-11.35 | 0.030 | 3.72 | 1.05-13.14 | 0.041 |
| ≤2 | Reference | |||||
| Accident/fall during pregnancy | ||||||
| Yes | 5.96 | 1.34-26.44 | 0.019 | 9.43 | 1.99-44.71 | 0.005 |
| No | Reference | |||||
| Child ever breastfed | ||||||
| No | 7.20 | 1.55-33.30 | 0.012 | 6.62 | 1.28-34.09 | 0.024 |
| Yes | Reference | |||||
| Cognitive Delay | ||||||
| Children in family | ||||||
| >2 | 2.31 | 1.18-4.54 | 0.015 | 2.90 | 1.31-7.50 | 0.004 |
| ≤2 | Reference | |||||
| Father’s education | 0.049 | 0.015 | ||||
| Illiterate | 2.20 | 0.99-4.88 | 0.053 | 3.30 | 1.45-6.14 | 0.040 |
| Up to high school | 1.10 | 0.55-2.20 | 0.784 | 0.96 | 0.45-2.07 | 0.922 |
| Above high school | Reference | |||||
| Gestational age | 0.030 | 0.036 | ||||
| Preterm | 2.35 | 1.08-5.11 | 0.030 | 2.07 | 0.84-5.12 | 0.114 |
| Postterm | 2.99 | 0.82-10.90 | 0.096 | 5.99 | 1.13-31.47 | 0.035 |
| Term | Reference | |||||
| Prolonged labor | ||||||
| Yes | 2.65 | 1.55-4.51 | <0.001 | 2.83 | 1.57-5.09 | 0.001 |
| No | Reference | |||||
| Child cry (min) | 0.003 | 0.015 | ||||
| After 5 | 2.35 | 1.41-3.89 | 0.001 | 2.32 | 1.31-4.10 | 0.004 |
| Within 1-5 | 1.03 | 0.40-2.62 | 0.958 | 1.71 | 0.62-4.70 | 0.299 |
| Immediately or within 1 | Reference | |||||
| Child ever breastfed | ||||||
| No | 0.15 | 0.05-0.44 | <0.001 | 4.48 | 1.27-15.84 | 0.020 |
| Yes | Reference | |||||
| Complementary feeding (m) | 0.003 | 0.011 | ||||
| <6 | 0.70 | 0.30-1.64 | 0.413 | 0.58 | 0.23-1.45 | 0.242 |
| >12 | 3.033 | 1.52-6.04 | 0.002 | 2.84 | 1.28-6.30 | 0.010 |
| 6-12 | Reference | |||||
CI=Confidence interval, OR=Odds ratio, AOR= Adjusted Odds Ratio, Binary logistic regression analysis used, ANM=Auxillary Nurse Midwife