Table 1.
Demographics of respondents
| Population (n = 5305) n (%) | Non-insulin treated type 2 diabetes (n = 449) n (%) | No diabetes (n = 4856) n (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male* | 2349 (44.4) | 248 (55.4) | 2101 (43.3) | |
| Age (year)* | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 53.4 ± 16.2 | 65.0 ± 9.4 | 52.4 ± 16.3 | |
| Range | 18–80 | 21–80 | 18–80 | |
| Questionnaire type | Internet survey* | 2196 (41.4) | 160 (35.6) | 2036 (41.9) |
| Diabetes-coexisting diseases | Hypertension* | 1564 (29.5) | 349 (77.7) | 1215 (25.0) |
| Hypercholesterolemia * | 1078 (20.3) | 298 (66.4) | 780 (16.1) | |
| Musculoskeletal disorders* | 838 (15.8) | 116 (25.8) | 722 (14.9) | |
| Heart problems* | 581 (11.0) | 134 (29.8) | 447 (9.2) | |
| Sleep problems* | 383 (7.2) | 68 (15.1) | 315 (6.5) | |
| GI disorders* | 330 (6.2) | 45 (10.0) | 285 (5.9) | |
| Kidney disease | 10 (0.2) | 2 (0.4) | 8 (0.2) | |
| Number of diabetes-coexisting diseases* | 0 | 2682 (50.5) | 30 (6.6) | 2652 (54.6) |
| 1 | 1281 (24.1) | 97 (21.6) | 1184 (24.3) | |
| 2 | 734 (13.8) | 137 (30.5) | 597 (12.2) | |
| 3 | 434 (8.1) | 122 (27.2) | 312 (6.3) | |
| 4 or more | 174 (3.2) | 63 (14.0) | 111 (2.2) | |
| Marital status* | Married | 3197 (60.4) | 247 (61.4) | 2923 (60.4) |
| Unmarried | 1107 (20.9) | 56 (12.6) | 1051 (21.7) | |
| Divorced or separated | 643 (12.2) | 57 (12.8) | 586 (12.1) | |
| Widowed | 342 (6.5) | 59 (13.2) | 283 (5.8) | |
| Level of education* | Elementary school | 779 (14.8) | 126 (28.2) | 653 (13.5) |
| High school | 415 (7.9) | 16 (3.6) | 399 (8.3) | |
| Vocational school | 1979 (37.6) | 182 (40.7) | 1797 (37.3) | |
| College | 851 (16.2) | 52 (11.6) | 799 (16.6) | |
| University | 1120 (21.3) | 55 (12.3) | 1065 (22.1) | |
| Other | 124 (2.4) | 16 (3.6) | 108 (2.2) | |
| Household income* | Less than 1000 € | 538 (10.3) | 48 (10.9) | 490 (10.3) |
| 1001–2000 € | 1292 (24.8) | 134 (30.5) | 1158 (24.3) | |
| 2001–3000 € | 1219 (23.4) | 115 (26.1) | 1104 (23.1) | |
| 3001–4000 € | 1053 (20.2) | 79 (18.0) | 974 (20.4) | |
| 4001–5000 € | 619 (11.9) | 36 (8.2) | 583 (12.2) | |
| 5001–8000 € | 403 (7.7) | 21 (4.8) | 382 (8.0) | |
| Over 8000 € | 91 (1.8) | 7 (1.6) | 84 (1.8) | |
| Employment* | Full time work | 2094 (39.6) | 74 (16.5) | 2020 (41.8) |
| Part time work or retirement | 346 (6.6) | 23 (5.1) | 323 (6.7) | |
| Unemployed or laid off | 374 (7.1) | 26 (5.8) | 348 (7.2) | |
| Retired | 1942 (36.8) | 313 (69.9) | 1629 (33.7) | |
| Other | 526 (10.0) | 12 (2.7) | 415 (10.6) | |
*p < .05 when comparing respondents with non-insulin treated type 2 diabetes to respondents with no diabetes. GI Gastrointestinal, SD Standard deviation